THE CALIFORNIAN SALMON. 
89 
under pressure, to aerate it thoroughly. With a stream of 
four or five pints per minute 1000 ova may he hatched, or 
even two or three times that number. But much depends 
on constant care and attention to minute details, which 
readily suggest themselves to the attendant. The moss 
having been removed, and any foreign substance, the 
attendant should use a feather from a goose or turkey’s 
wing, and a pair of pincers made out of wire, about the 
size of knitting-needles, with the ends turned in a circle 
with the opening about the size to hold an egg, to pick out 
dead eggs. The ova should be distributed evenly over the 
gravel by using the feather. A little practice will enable 
this to be done without touching the eggs, simply by 
causing a current over them, and as they are but little 
heavier than water, they are easily moved about in it. One 
thousand eggs can be hatched to the square foot of space 
in the hatching-boxes, but double this space is better, and 
after the fish are hatched, much more room and an increased 
current of water, is required to do them justice. 
In a new fish-hatching institution lately established by 
Livingston Stone, a mode of hatching was adopted with 
success, which greatly economises space in the hatching- 
race. The eggs were placed five or six layers deep in 
baskets made of galvanized wire, and the current was made 
to rise up through them from below. The baskets were 
placed across the current in the hatching-race, and no 
gravel whatever was used. When hatching was about to 
commence, the ova were removed to a hatching-race, where 
they had sufficient room to ensure their proper develop- 
ment. This plan was adopted to enable Mr. Stone to 
hatch out a large number of eggs which he had obtained, 
but had not been able to get proper appliances made in 
time, to hatch them in the ordinary way. The establish- 
ment is on a branch of the Columbia river, in the Oregon 
