3 j 6 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : PALAEONTOLOGY. 
We wish only to emphasize here the fact that the marine fossil Pata- 
gonian fauna materially strengthens the theory of “Antarctica” by giving 
evidence for the former existence of a coast line, at any rate of shallow 
water, between Australia and New Zealand on the one side, and South 
America on the other. 
As to the connection of Africa with Antarctica, hardly any evidence is 
found among our material ; we should, however, call attention to the fact 
that the Bryozoan Tenny sonia subcylindrica of the Patagonian beds is 
extremely closely allied to the only known species of the genus, T. 
stellata , which is recorded from the Cape of Good Hope. 
This instance would hardly have any value if it was an isolated one. 
But other groups of animals have furnished similar cases, and, although 
these are less pronounced and less frequent than the cases of relations 
between South America and Australia, we must take them into account, 
and grant a former extension of Antarctica in the direction toward South 
Africa. 
In the map (pi. XXXIX) accompanying this report we have tried to 
reconstruct ancient Antarctica : it has been assumed that the Antarctic 
portions of land known at the present time (the region around Graham 
Land ; Victoria and Wilke’s Land ; Enderby and Kemp Land) form parts 
of a still existing Antarctic continental mass ; we have not tried to enlarge 
the boundaries of this continent, except only to such a degree that a con- 
nection is formed with the present southern ends of the continents of 
Australia, South America and South Africa. As regards Australia (and 
New Zealand), we have followed Hedley’s idea, as expressed in his map 
in his second paper (1899, P- 4°4)i as to the connection with South 
America we have followed chiefly the tectonic relations known to exist 
between Tierra del Fuego, South Georgia, South Sandwich and Graham 
Land, as represented by Fricker (1900, chiefly p. 140 ff.) ; and as to the 
much more doubtful connection with South Africa, we have taken into 
account chiefly the results of the German Valdivia Expedition, as pub- 
lished by Chun (1900, Lieferung 4). 1 
x As to the tectonic configuration of Antarctica, and the evidence thus furnished for its former 
connections with Australia, New Zealand and South America, compare the article of Gregory 
(Gregory, T. W. The work of the National Antarctic Expedition in : Nature, vol. 63, No. 1643, 
25th April, 1901, pp. 609-612), and the sketch map given by him (p. 61 1). Unfortunately this 
veiy important note was published after the above was written; it supports, however, in a large 
part the ideas set forth above. 
