28 
THE GEOLOGICAL HISTORY OF THE HORSE. 
whose authority I quote, says, that the remains of the horse have 
been found with the mastodon (an extinct animal allied to the ele- 
phant) in America ; with the mastodon in Little Tartary, Siberia, 
Italy, and France ; with the rhinoceros in France, Italy, and Ger- 
many ; and with the rhinoceros, hippopotamus, hyaena, tiger, ele- 
phant, and a gigantic species of cervus, in Great Britain. Capt. 
W. S. Webb discovered the remains of the horse in a fossil state, 
together with those of the deer and bear, in Diluvium, and on the 
Flimalayan mountains, at an elevation of 16,000 feet. 
In South America the bones of horses of a large size have been 
discovered by Mr. Charles Darwin, naturalist to the Beagle, in 
company with the remains of the megatherium, of immense bulk ; 
a huge mastodon, parts of rodents, and a llama fully as large as the 
camel. 
“ With regard to North America,” Cuvier says, “ the elephas 
primogenus has left thousands of its carcasses from Spain to the 
shores of Siberia.” The fossil ox, in a like manner, he writes, is 
buried “ dans toute la partie boreale des deux continens, puisque 
on en a d’Allemagne, d’ltalie, de Prussie, de la Siberia occidental 
et orientale, et de l’Amerique.” “ I may here add,” says Darwin, 
“ that horses’ bones, mingled with those of the mastodon, have se- 
veral times been transmitted for sale from North America to Eng- 
land ; but it has always been imagined, from the simple fact of 
their being horses’ bones, that they had been accidentally mingled 
with the fossils. Among the remains brought home by Captain 
Beechey from the west coast of the same continent, in the frozen 
region of 66° north, Di\ Buckland has described the astragalus, me- 
tacarpus, and metatarsus of the horse, which were associated with 
the remains of the elephas primogenus, and of the fossil ox. In 
Mr. Saull’s geological museum, Aldersgate Street, London, there 
are three coffin bones, one os sacrum, and one cannon bone, from 
Big Bone Lock, Kentucky. In the same collection are one cervi- 
cal vertebra, Herne Bay, Kent; several metatarsal, ditto, one den- 
tata, ditto, and portions of two ribs, from Plumstead, Kent ; several 
teeth from Banwell Cave, Somersetshire ; and two teeth, and 
several astragalus, from Swansea, South Wales, all of the horse. 
With respect to Great Britain, as I before stated, there is no con- 
siderable district in which some traces of the fossil horse do not 
occur, in company with either those of the elephant, the rhinoce- 
ros, hippopotamus, tiger, ox, deer, or hyaena. At Oreston, near Ply- 
mouth, an immense number of bones of the rhinoceros and horse 
were found ; and in a cave at Paveland, in Glamorganshire, those 
of the elephant, rhinoceros, horse, hog, bear, and hyaena were 
found embedded together. In the celebrated Kirkdale Cave, York- 
shire, the contents of which have been so graphically described by 
