HISTORICAL RESEARCH ON THE EPIZOOTIC. 
673 
They generally prevailed among neat cattle, sheep, and swine. 
The German veterinary authors give the following description of 
it: — file animal appears dull — there is loss of appetite — rumi- 
nation is altogether suspended, or intercepted and slow — cold 
shivers are followed by an increased temperature of the body — 
the muzzle is dry and hot, and the mouth dry. The animal is 
slightly costive ; and, when the fever runs high, the urine be- 
comes of a dark brown transparent colour. The pulse is fre- 
quent, and the respiration increased. The more violent the fever 
the more intense will be the exanthema, which appears about the 
second or third day ; its seat being either the mouth, throat, 
nostrils, feet, or udder : perhaps more than one of these is af- 
fected at the same time. The duration of the disease is from 
seven to eleven days in its mildest form. 
Its causes are miasmatic, and it appears to have had its origin 
in that hot-bed of epizootics, the marshy plains of Hungaria. It 
has always been freely communicated, either by contact or inocu- 
lation, not only to animals of the same class, but also to those of 
a different order, and even to the human subject, by the use of 
the milk and flesh of the infected animals. 
The treatment, as described by these authors, was directed to 
the general fever, as well as the local irruption. For the former, 
a mild antiphlogistic was recommended ; while, for the latter, re- 
pellents and caustics were carefully avoided, as the exanthema 
was, by them, considered the necessary metastasis of the fever; 
added to this was a well-regulated diet, with a clear and airy 
lodging. 
Hurtrel d’Arboval gives an account of twelve similar epizootics 
that have occurred in France in the same lapse of time as those 
observed in Germany, and which he describes in the following- 
manner: — 41 During the first period of the development the ani- 
mal is dull ; there is loss of appetite, heat of the skin, and fever. 
The mucous membranes of the eyes and nostrils are injected ; that 
of the mouth is hot and red. The expired air is burning hot, 
the urine high coloured, and the faeces natural : this latter symp- 
tom, however, is not always present, for Lafosse has observed one 
of these irruptions accompanied by diarrhoea. 
In the second period, which begins about the third or fourth 
day, the fever increases in intensity, and pustules appear in the 
mouth, throat and nose. Deglutition becomes difficult, and the 
animal is much emaciated. These pustules are sometimes so 
numerous that they occupy the whole internal surface of the 
mouth and throat. They are sometimes of spherical, and, at others, 
of an irregular shape, being, in the whole, not materially different 
from the common aphthae. 
