CONNEXION WITH GLANDERS AND FARCY. 
789 
the nasal passages was chancred, tumefied, and covered with 
vegetations: in a word, chronic mange was established, and 
announced its existence during the life of the animal by all the 
symptoms that characterize it. 
“ I cannot permit myself to conclude without avowing that I do 
trace a strong analogy between this affection and the venereal 
disease in the human being.” — So far M. Latour. 
Hurtrel D’Arboval is of a different opinion. “We cannot 
deny,” says he, “ that inflammation of the mucous membrane of 
the canal of the ureter may arise in animals in consequence of 
the same causes that determine that of the bladder and of other 
parts — that the inflammation of the lining membrane of the 
vagina, observed among some of our domesticated animals, arises 
from parturition and other mechanical causes — that many peculiar 
morbid phenomena may be observed in the dog, as purulent dis- 
charge from the generative organs — ulcers called chancrous phy- 
mosis and paraphymosis, and swelling and other diseases of the 
scrotum : but these morbid phenomena have never produced in 
brutes the consequences which they produce in the human being 
— they have never been legitimately proved to be the cause or the 
consequence of syphilis. In the bull and the stallion an involun- 
tary flow of serum has been considered as syphilitic, but errone- 
ously so. The warts on the penis of the horse — the swellings of 
the scrotum — its tenderness, and that of the epididymis — the 
fungous productions that are occasionally perceived — the dis- 
charges from the urethra — the chancrous ulceration of various 
parts of the genital organs — the apthae which, under the erroneous 
name of chancrous ulcers, are found in the mouth, — none of these 
circumstances are sufficient to warrant the application of the term 
syphilis. They are local accidents, and they are nothing more : 
we find a great many of them even on castrated horses. Dr. 
Jourdan gives a curious account of a stallion to which an im- 
proper quantity of cantharides had been administered. This 
produced inflammation of the gland, followed by ulcerations, 
which were communicated to certain mares with which he had 
connexion. Would any one conclude that a syphilitic agency 
was at work here ? A discharge of purulent matter supervenes. 
It was produced by the acrimony of the fluid yielded by the 
empoisoned surface of the generative organs. There have been 
several instances of this. Without having recourse to an ima- 
ginary virulent principle, nothing is more frequent than the trans- 
mission of disease by the contact of the mucous membrane of 
a sound individual with the mucous membrane of a diseased 
person. 
“That which we have said of the mucous membranes generally 
