TRANSFUSION OF BLOOD IN THE HORSE. 265 
dilatation of the pupil had manifested itself, in order that I 
might see the result; and I found it to increase; and in one 
of the cases, after winking both eyes three or four times in 
rapid succession, the horse reared up, and fell back. In the 
other case, I forced the blood in from an India-rubber enema 
bottle. The pupils first became still more dilated, the breath- 
ing very quick and difficult; the eyes assumed a wild, 
agonized look ; and the animal, with a sudden bound forward, 
fell dead. I had my finger on the artery during the entire 
time, and observed a great unsteadiness and fluttering of the 
pulse, which increased in frequency until the instant before 
he fell. In the first of these cases I did not force the blood 
into the vein, but allowed it to flow until I perceived the in- 
jurious effects on the horse. He tottered and fell, but in a 
short time recovered, and was walked back to his stable. He 
died in the course of the night ; and, on examining his head 
next day, I found considerable congestion of the brain. The 
tube used for these experiments transferred about three quarts 
of blood in eight minutes — at least, so might be inferred from 
the fact that, when used as a syphon, it passed three-and-a- 
half quarts of water (and a little less of oil) from one vessel 
to another in that time. 
In one of my successful cases, phlebitis supervened both 
in the healthy and diseased horse. I think I am correct in 
saying that this disease is by no means so likely to occur in 
horses as in human beings, and is certainly not so formidable ; 
but, nevertheless, I am quite sure that it may happen as a 
consequence of the operation, if the instrument be not kept 
scrupulously clean, and also if great care be not taken in its 
introduction into the vein. Having, from these and other 
experiments not necessary to detail, determined on the mode 
of operating most likely to be successful, I shall now proceed 
to state the result of four cases in which I have operated, and 
which I think I may look upon as having been followed with 
entire success. In three of the cases, the patients had been 
bled a short time previous to my having seen them, and were 
so much weakened that they could scarcely walk. In the 
fourth case, a drastic purgative had been administered, 
causing super-purgation and great prostration of strength. 
In each of the four cases, the condition of the patient was so 
similar, that the description I have already given may answer 
for all. Having selected a healthy young horse, from which 
to obtain the blood to be transfused, I opened the jugular 
vein in the patient and in the healthy subject ; and having 
inserted the tube, as before described, into the vein of the 
healthy horse, I placed the India-rubber tube in the tin 
xxxi. 36 
