PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND, COPPER AND BERING RIVER SALMON STATISTICS 229 
largely of pink salmon, although the other species were represented in most years. 
Traps accounted for practically the entire catch at Gravina Point which is merely 
a section of the cost where the runs, in good years, approach the shore in greater 
numbers than elsewhere. Certainly the presence of large numbers of salmon at this 
point is not induced by streams in the immediate locality, for there is none suitable 
for the use of spawning salmon. The obvious explanation is that salmon follow a 
migration route which brings them to the shore here and traps effectually intercept 
their passage, whether into Port Gravina or Orca Bay. 
Hawkins Cut-off .- — Hawkins Cut-off is the passage which separates Hawkins 
Island from Hinchinbrook Island. Several small salmon streams flow into it which 
in the aggregate support fair runs of pink and chum salmon while cohos are fairly 
numerous. Reds and kings are taken in negligible quantities. The Cut-off may 
also be a passageway for salmon entering the sound. Disregarding the insignificant 
catch of reds and kings in 1917, fishing in the Cut-off began in earnest in 1918 and 
resulted in a catch of 227,000 pinks, 35,000 chums, and 1,000 cohos. Thereafter, 
until 1924, considerable variation in the catch was noted from year to year, while 
in two years, 1921 and 1923, there was no catch at all. Fishing improved materially 
from 1925 to 1927 for pinks, chums, and cohos and with no indication of depletion 
of the runs. 
Johnstone Point . — This point is on the northern shore of Hinchinbrook Island. 
If available data are reliable, fishing was carried on there irregularly from 1917 to 
1922, the catch consisting largely of pink salmon. In 1924, after the new law became 
effective and a more exact allocation of catches was required, a decided change in 
the catches referred to this fishery was observed. In 1922, the last preceding year, 
the entire catch at this point was reported as 6,072 pink salmon; but the catch in 
1924 was 394,431 pinks and 12,304 chums, and from then on the records are quite 
complete, showing large catches for each season through 1927 and a marked upward 
trend in respect to pink salmon especially. 
Knowles Head . — The southern extremity of the peninsula between Port Fidalgo 
and Port Gravina is known as Knowles Head. The first catch of salmon was made 
at this point in 1918; though small, it was composed of all species, reds constituting 
about two-thirds of the total number. In 1919 a trap was driven at the point, 
making a much larger catch, with pinks predominating. Fishing was continued each 
year thereafter through 1927, except 1921. Catches of all species, except kings, were 
consistently good without conspicuous evidence of a falling trend. This is probably 
due to the fact that Knowles Head is a point where the runs of salmon seem to strike 
the shore before they are dispersed to the several streams of the eastern part of the 
sound. For that reason the catches at Knowles Head may continue to be relatively 
large unless there is a general failure of the runs. 
Makaka Point . — This point is on the north coast of Hawkins Island near the north 
entrance of Hawkins Cut-off. It was fished in 1915, but the catches in that year, 
and in 1917 and 1918 when it was again fished, were small. For five years, 1919 to 
1923, no fish were reported from this locality. Beginning in 1924 and continuing 
through 1927, better catches, mainly pinks, were made with the totals for 1927, 
an odd year, far in excess of those for any other season. Pink-salmon catches have 
increased rapidly in the latter years, indicating a change in the method of the fishery 
(or possibly in the movement of salmon). Such a marked increase was not shown at 
any other locality in the Port Gravina and Orca Bay district and its real significance 
is not known at this time. 
