PERCHING BIRDS 
185a. Gray Jay. Perisoreus obscurus griseus. 
Range. — British Columbia to northern California, east of the coast ranges. 
This bird is said to be larger and grayer than the preceding. 
486. Raven. Corvus corax sinuatus. 
Range.- — North America west of the 
southward. 
Pale greenish white 
blotched with umber and drab. Size 1. 
Rockies and from British Columbia 
The Raven is like a very large Crow, 
length 24 inches, but has the feathers 
on the neck lengthened and stiffened. 
Their habits are similar to those of the 
Crow, but more dignified, and they 
remain mated for life. Besides grass- 
hoppers and worms, they feed largely 
upon animal matter such as lizards, 
shell fish, frogs, eggs and young of 
birds, and carrion. They nest on 
ledges of high inaccessible cliffs or 
the tops of tall trees, making large 
nests of sticks lined with smaller ones 
and hair or wool; the eggs are laid in 
April or May, number from four to 
seven, and are light greenish in color, 
x 1.25. 
486a. Northern Raven. Corvus corax principalis . 
Range. — Eastern North America chiefly north of the United States and north- 
west to Alaska; south on some of the higher ranges to Georgia. 
This variety is like the last but is larger. They are not nearly as abundant 
as the western form and are very rare within the United States. A few pairs 
still breed on some of the rocky islands off the coast of Maine; more off New 
Brunswick and Newfoundland, and they are quite common on the cliffs of 
Labrador and Alaska. Their nesting habits and eggs are like those of the last. 
487- White-necked Raven. Corvus cryptoleucus. 
Range. — Mexico and the border of the United States ; north to eastern Kansas. 
This small Raven is of about the size of 
the Crow, and has the bases of the neck 
feathers white. They are very abundant in 
some localities, especially in southern Ari- 
zona. Their food consists chiefly of animal 
matter, the same as the large Ravens, and 
they are not nearly as shy, frequently feed- 
ing in camps upon refuse which is thrown 
out to them. They build at low elevations 
in any tree, but preferably in mesquites, 
making their nests of sticks and lining them 
with hair, leaves, bark, wool or anything 
soft. During June they lay from four to six 
pale bluish green eggs, generally sparingly 
brown and drab. Size 1.75 x 1.20. 
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