xxii INTRODUCTION. 
But Saline Tinctures, are generally given in fome 
Diuretic A Dccottion , fmctned with Syrup of Al- 
,tb<ea , or of Par fly, Winter Cherries, &c. 5, Pou- 
clers and ExtraUs, if foft , ar<? into Bolus’* 
with Honey , P#//? a Roflcd Apple or Pear, or 
fome proper Loboch . 6. Bar Extracts, if ft iff 
enough to be made into Pills, (while Recent) are 
t f wallowed as Pills by themj elves : If kept till they 
are hard , they will fcarcely diffolve in the Body , 
but muft be reduced to a foft Elcttuary. 7. 
Troches, are to be reduced into a Pouder , and 
made into a Bolus with fome proper Syrup , or Ho- 
ney. 8. Lozenges are held in the Alouth , and 
f wallowed down only at they melt. 9. Eleftua- 
lies are f wallowed either as a Bolus, or difjolved 
in fome proper Infufion , Dccollion , or Wine , 
fweetned with fome Syrup , Honey , a/ - Sugar. 
10. Pills are f wallowed by the mf elves, wafhing 
them down with fome proper diftilled Water , 1/7- 
fufion , Dccoflion, Wine , Julep , PoJJet-drink , 
Broth. 1 1 . Spirits a/r dulcified zvith fome pro- 
per Syrup, or mixt with Wine fweetned with Sy- 
rup, or White Sugar, and fo taken. 12. Poteftates 
and Elixirs, a/^ always given in a G/a/* of 
dulcified Wine. 1 3. Oils atvi Ba'ifams, are always 
dr opt into foft White Sugar, and fo well mixt 
zvith it, then put into a Glafs of fome proper 
Wine and fo drank. 14. Salts Eflential, Elemen- 
tary, or Fixt, and Volatil, are generally difjolved 
in fome proper di f ill'd Water, Infufion , Decofli- 
on, or Wine, and dulcified with Syrup , Honey, or 
Sugar, and fo f wallowed. 
VI. THE APPLICATION of Topicks orExter- 
nils. 1 . Lotions are either for Bathing in,or for Wafh- 
ing old Sores and Ulcers for Gar gar if ms, for 
Sore Mouths and Throats -, or for Injettions into 
Pift ul As, the lard, or Womb, to be ufed zvith 
proper Syringes. 1. Oils, they are to be anointed 
upon the Parts ajfeffed, rubbing them well in. 
Morning and Night, or two or three times a 
Day. 3. Ointments atfiBalfamS; thefc may be 
anointed with all -, alfo they are fpread . upon 
Pledgets , and applied to Green Wounds, Old Run- 
ning Sores and Ulcers. 4. Pouders thefe arc 
0 cither mixed with fome Ointment or Balfam, and 
fo applied -, or f imply ftrewed upon the Wound, 
Sore or Ulcer. >. Emplafters and Cerates, are to 
be fpread upon fupple Cloth .or Leather, and fo 
applied fimply upon the naked Tumor , Wound, 
Sore or Ulcer , or laid over Pledgets, dreft or 
arm'd zvith Bafam, to keep them on. 6 . Cata- 
plafms are put upon Cloth or Leather , to be ap- 
plied to Tumors and Apoftems, to difeufs, foften 
or fuppurate. 7. Clylters are to be ufed either 
zvith a Clyfter - Pipe and Bladder , or with a Cly- 
(ler-Syring , to force it up the Inteftinum reftum, 
by the Anus# 
VII. IP HE RE NOTE, that Clylters are either 
Anodyn, or Healing, or Purging : If Anodyn, 
fome choice Opiate is difjolved in it. 1 / Healing, 
they are mixed cither with Spirit of Wine, or fome 
Oil, Balfam, or Liquid Rofin. But if Purging, 
they have alzvays a proportional quantity of Brown 
Sugar in them, zvith fome Common Salt •, but no 
Oil or Oily body by any means, becaufe they alzvays 
blunt the points of the Saline Particles. 
CHAP. XIII. 
Conclufion of the Intro- 
duction. 
• 
I- ‘ | ' HUS HAVING given you a Jhort Ex- 
1 . planatory Introduction to our Hiftory of 
Plants, without the Knowledge of which, this Work 
could not well be underflood , and upon zvhich prin- 
ciples a great fart of the Prattifc of Phyfick is found- 
ed and built -, the Obfervation of zvhich , is )ruly a 
prattifing according to Art , and not agoing hand 
over head, and a doing if things at all adventures , 
as Empiricks do, by zvhich the Life of a Patient 
is not only put into Danger, but by fuch Empirical 
Prattifcs, a thoufand Mf carriages are daily com- 
mitted-, to the great prejudice of the Sick , and dif- 
reputation of the Medical Arts. 
II. M A N 1 GREAT things have been per- 
formed by fimple Medicines and Preparations -, and 
by that prime and fimple Pratt fe, the Qualities and 
Virtues of Simples zvere fir ft inveftigated or found 
out. This was tpefi/ft ft ep of Art. Afterwards 
when the Vacuities and Virtues of many things were 
(if covered, the fucceeding Pratt if ers began to add 
one thing to another, which they thought to have 
like Virtues -, believing, that two things of equal 
ftrength being conjoin'd, the Power and force of 
that Medicine muft be doubled -, and indeed it ma- 
ny times fucc ceded according to expettation. 
III. FROM THESE beginnings, Artifts be- 
gan to redouble their Forces, and to multiply Ingre- 
dients-, making continually Complex Compofiti- 
ons, and f rom the belief of a Vis unita, to form 
Compounds, zvhich in procefs of many Ages, be- 
came a Magazine or Store-Houfe,as it were, of Re- 
medies for all Difeafes -, which they formed into a 
■ method of Prcfcriptions , and under proper Titles,- 
and particular forms of Preparations -, they made 
at length a Repofirory for general Pratt if e, conftft- 
ing of a great number of Prefcripts, ferving for all 
Indications, and for the Cure of the mofl common 
and reigning Difeafes -, which they called by the 
name of a Pharmacopoeia or Difpenfatory. , 
IV. THUS THE Medical Arts, under this 
natural and primitive Simplicity, continued f»r ma- 
ny hundred Tears -, and obtained the name of Hi,p- 
procratical and Galenical Phyfick, without any con- 
fiderable or manifeft advantage , alteration, or ad- 
vance of Reputation except in forming a Farrago 
of not only Compound , but decompound Recipes, 
which being a Hodge-Podge of Complications, 
tended rather to the Detriment and Reproach of 
our Art , than the adding of any Honour or Glory 
to it -, and thereby reduced the Science from Natu- 
ral and Simple Empiricifm, into an Artificial and 
Reputable Art of Quackery. 
V. T H E A RT T HU S groaning under this 
Labyrinth of Misfortunes, by the ill Prattifes of 
fuppofed Learned Men -, or rather Empiricks, be- 
gan to fink under the Burthen , and indeed would 
in a fhort time have been reduced into the. mofl 
profound Myftery of Empiricifm, or Quackery • 
had it not pleafed God , to make the Light of Chy- 
miftry to Arije and Shine upon ns, by the Means 
of 
