INTRODUCTION. 
>n like manner to more prepared Peels. 6. Oils 
from Spices. Brutfe them grofly , (for Ponders 
yield, left Oil-,) digeft them 8 or io Days in the 
Menftruum you intend, adding Nitre, Salt, or 
Tartar : then diftil in a Vefica ; fo will you 
have Water and Oil , which feparate : cobohatc the 
Water upon the Fatces feveral times , fo will all 
the volatil Oil afcend : The Water referve to 
make more Oil with , upon frejh Spices. The 
weighty Oils (as of Cinamon) will feparate from 
the Water, in 14 or 16 Days , by finking to the 
bottom. 7. Oils from Aromatick Woods, as Caf- 
fia Lignea, Cedar, Cyprefs, Juniper, Rhodium, 
Sanders Yellow, Saflkfrafs, Xyloaloes, Ifc. Take 
their rafpings , or let their Chips be exceedingly 
well bnifed in an Iron Mortar, which digeft a 
good while in Water, then diftil by a Vefica : co- 
hobate, and continue diftilling for fome Days-, at 
length the noble odoriferous Oil will come forth 
very fubtil and volatil. 8. Oils from Rofins, 
Turpentines, idle. Add to them a good quantity 
of Water, and diftil by a Vefica; fo will you have 
Water , and an Oil fwimming upon it, ("which Oil 
is called Spirit -,) -continue the diftillation, end by 
degrees it will be Tellow -, then change the Recei- 
ver : Separate this yellow Oil, and keep it by it 
felf did tiling till no more appears. This is cal- 
led Oil. The Matter remaining is called Colo- 
phony. 9. The Replication of Chymical Oils. 
They ary relhfied by difti/ling them by a Cucur- 
bit, or Vefica, with much Water ; fo will the pure 
cetherial Oil afcend, with fome Water, which fepa- 
rate. They are aifo rcSified in a Boll-head, with 
its Receiver, in which the pure ttherial Oil will 
afcend, the thicker Subftance remaining at bottom. 
VII. BALSAMS, j. The true {difference 
between Chymical Oils and Chymical B a! f am s lies 
chiefly in two things, viz - firft the Oil contains 
the principal or chief of the fublime and volatil 
parts. Secondly, That it is of a thicker Confidence 
or Subftance, than the half am ; which as this lat- 
ter is lefs fubtil and thicker, fo it is more fit 
for old Sores and Ulcers. 2. Hence it appears 
that as Oils are the more thin, pure, and ettherial 
parts, fo they rife firfi in Difi/lation, from the 
Matter they are feparated from -, but the Balfam 
is that other thicker Oily Matter , which by the 
force of a ftronger Fire , afeends next after the 
former pure , cetherial, volatil Oil is drawn off-, 
which as it is of a thicker body, fo it is alfo of 
a deeper color. 3. Balfams Chymical, are often- 
times alfo made in Retfificatio/i of Chymical Oils ; 
when drawing off the thin, fubtil, volatil Parts, 
or Oil , the thick Balfam is left at bottom. 4. But 
they are properly Balfams which (the thin Oil be- 
ing drawn off in a Vefica) are afterwards drawn 
from the Colophony by a Retort, y. Take the Co- 
■ /aphony remaining after the Oil is drawn from 
Rofins and Turpentine ; put it into a Retort , and 
diftil with a gradual Fire, firft foft and gentle, 
then greater , and fo encreafing the Heat, till the 
Colophony has given up all its Oily or Balfimick 
parts , which will be of a body thick and red. And 
this is that which is properly called Balfam; 
which if it be reOfied again in a Glafs Retort 
in a Sand-heat , will be much more fine and pure. 
VIII. P 0 T E S T A T E S, or P 0 W E R S. 
I. Take the redified Spirit of the Plant, fuppofe of 
Mint, or Pennyroyal, a Pint ; Chymical Oil of the 
fame Plant, an Ounce, or fo much as the Spirit 
will abforb, or fwallow up : mix them together , 
and keep them for ufe, 2. But if you take the 
Jlxt Salt of the fame Plant, and grind it with 
bn equal quantity of the vo/atil S'iil Armoniack ; 
fub inning and re-f 1 binding , fo long till the fixt 
Salt afeends with the Volatil and add 2 Drams 
thereof to the former mixture, it will be fo much 
the more powerful to all the Intentions for which 
the fail Poteftates are ufed. 3. And many times for 
want of the particular Spirit of the Plant, whijfi 
Powers you would make , the heft redified Spirit 
if Wine is ufed as a Succedaneum ; to wl-'ich may 
alfo be added, if you pleafe, the volatiliz’d Salt of 
the fame Plant, or a volatil Salt of Tartar. 
IX. ELIXIRS, r .An Elixir is the fut- 
phureous Tindure of any Vegetable, drawn out of 
the dried Vegetable, (ground grofiy with Salt if 
Tartar in a hot Mortar) with the redified Spirit 
of .‘he fame Vegetable, 2. Or thus. Take any 
dried Herb or Plant, beat it into grofs Pouder, 
which put into a Matrafs or Bolt -head : Take the 
Powers of the fame Plant, fix Pftits -, redified. 
Spirit of Nitre , 1 2 Ounces : mix, and digeft for 
10 Days ; affufe Jo much of this Mixture upon the 
former Pouder, as may fupernate 4 or y Inches : 
digeft cohl for 20 Days, jhaking the Glafs every 
Day ; then decant the clear Liquor, and keep it 
for ufe. 3. But you are not always neoejfitated 
to ufe Spirit of Nitre ; but may in place thereof 
as the nature of the Difeafe may require, take Oils 
ot Salt, of Sulphur, or of Vitriol, and digeft with 
the Powers as above direSed. 4. Again, by Infu- 
fion of any Vegetable (fuppofe Rolemary) in Pow- 
ers of the fame, acuatcd with Oil of Salt, and 
Salt of the fame, you jhall h;tvc the Elixir thereof. 
X. SALTS. 1. Salts Chymical are either 
Volatil or Fixed : And tho ’ all Plants have indeed 
a volatil Salt , yet the mofi of them having but 
little, and that little very difficult to be gotten , 
Authors have taken little or no notice thereof : 
Tbofe which really abound with it are but few, of 
which Beans, Peaie, and Tartar, are chief The 
way of making their Volatil Salts, we Jhall not 
declare here, having taught it fully and at large 
in their proper places, in the following Book. 
2. Fixed Salt of Vegetables is thus made. Firjl 
burn or calcine the Herb you would make a 
Salt of, into white Afhes -, yet avoiding a too force 
or hafiy Burning , left it fhould vitrify. Boil 
thefe Afhes in fair Water, to make a Lixivium 
of them j which filter thro' jilt ring Brown Paper 
by help of a Glafs Funnel. Thu fill red Liquor 
Boil in a Glafs Veffel , with a gentle Fire, to. the 
confumption of all the Water • Jo will the fixt Salt 
of the Plant be left at bottom. 3. If the Salt be 
not purely White and Pine, you rnuft diffolve it 
again in more fair Water • filter and coagulate by 
an abfumption of the Water which work you are 
fo often to repeat, till it is freed from 'all Im- 
purity, and is very White. 4. Thefe alcalious 
Fixt Salts, are very apt to melt in the Air • 
but if they be fir (l calcined with Sulphur , jr 
much preferves them from that Accident , \ n j 
makes them withall fome what more grateful to 
the Palate. 
c 2 CHAP. 
