VI 
INTRODUCTION. 
CHAP. IV. 
Of the Second Qualities. 
I. 'T' H E fecond Qualities of Medicaments are 
J. fuch as are Alterative ; ahich alter the 
Habit, and Confutation of the Body , as it has a re- 
fpett to the Blood, Lympha, Serum, and other 
Humours of the fame and tbefe Alteratives are 
confldercd as they are Medicaments Internally ufed, 
■or Externally applyed. 
II. Of Internal Alteratives Authors have made 
many Titles ; but the Whole of the Matter is com- 
prehended under the thirteen following Appella- 
tions, viz. I, Aperitives. 2. Abfterfives. ?. A- 
lltingents. 4. Digeflives. 5. Incifives. 6. Car- 
minatives. 7. Anodyns. 8. Narcoticks. 9. Be- 
chicks. 1 0. Solutives. 11. Attenuaters. 12. Coa- 
gulatives. ij. Confortatives. 
III. Of External Alteratives) we have tbefe fol- 
lowing fourteen , viz. Siypticks, Hemoptoicks", or 
Antiiiimorrhagicks. 2. Anodyns. 5. Repercuf- 
lives. 4. Difcuflives. 5. Emollients. 6. At- 
traflives. 7. Suppuratives. 8. Corrofives, or 
Pytoticks. 9. Digeltives. to. Abfterfives. ir. 
Incarnatives. 12. Agglutinatives. 13. Cicatrizers. 
14. Colmeticks : Of all which we Jhall treat in 
order. 
I. Of Internal ALTERATIVES. 
IV. r. APERITIVES. Tbefe are fuch 
Medicaments as open the Obftruttions of the 
Vifcera, as Stomach, Lungs, Liver, Spleen, Glands, 
Mefentery, lnteflines. Reins, and Womb. They 
are all hot at leaf in the fecond Degree, for the 
rnoji part in the third, and many times in the fourth 
degree ; of very fib til and thin parts , for without 
heat there can be no rarefaSion, and without ra- 
refaSiont no opening of the obflruffcd Bowels. 
V. 2. A B S T E R S I V E S. Tbefe are 
cleanfers, which after opening Obftruflions of the 
affefled Parts, clcanfe them, by taking away the 
Recrements which' ob fir tilled them, being the fuper- 
fluities of the Blood, Lympha, and other Juices, 
and without which work be done, all that Aperi- 
tives or Openers do, is done in vain. They have 
a Jharpnefs and tenuity of Sub fiance, and it is not 
any great matter whether they be Hot or Cold, by 
reafon neither quality (if not ex ceffive) hinder their 
Allien. They alfo remove glutinous and clammy 
Humours in the Superficies , or adhering to the 
Pores of the Skin and Ulcers. 
y\ ?• ASTRINGENTS. Thefeare 
Binders, and arc generally dry in the fecond and 
third Degrees, whether they be hot or cold ; they 
arc Siypticks, and in fome meafure conftipate 'the 
Bowels tn fluxes , dry up fluxes of Humours help 
Catarrh and flrengthen the Tone of the Stomach 
and other Bowels, when over Lax, or weakned by 
long Defluxions, over much nsoiflure , or the vehe- 
mency of any inveterate Dfleafe ; and are therefore 
often given in the end of a Cure. 
VII. 4 -DIGESTIVES. Thefeare fuch 
as Loncott the Food in the Stomach , and are all na- 
turally hot • for it is Heat which caufesVoncoQion ■ 
and excites the natural Fermentation in the Sto- ' 
m ach, by which a good Chylus is made , in order to 
Sanguification , and Nourifbment of the Body : let 
fome things may caufe Digefiion , which are not na- 
turally hot , but cold , and inay excite the natural, 
heat, by way o/Antiperiftafis, whereby the fulphu- 
reous F articles m tide Stomach are more fermented 
and heat, or fet a boiling. 
VIII. y. I N OI S I V E S. They are fuch 
things as pierce into and cut tough Matter, which 
is not cafy to be broken, or /operated into parts ; 
J u f? ? r f Jfief of Lintons , Vinegar, and all acid thing s 
which by their points enter into andmake a divifton, 
not a dijfolution, whereby tough f/egm, and tortu- 
rous or vifeous Matter, is prepared for Abjlerflves , 
and fo made fit either to be expei! orated by the 
Mouth, or expelPd by Urine and Stool. Tbefe 
whether hot ■ or cold , are of very thin and fubtil 
IX. 6. CA R,M I N A T I V E S. Tbefe 
are Medicaments which f plead, difeufs, or expel 
Wind, and are generally hot and dry, and of very 
thin and fubtil Parlf proper in Pains of the Sto- 
mach and Bowels, the Cholick , and other Indifpo- 
fitions whatever caufed of Wind, as Vapours fly. 
pochondnack Pains, Hyftenck Fits, He. ’ 
X. . 7. ANODYNS, or PAREGORICKS. 
Lheje are eafers of Vain ; which tbo ’ they do 
not often Cure Difeafes, yet ad, in order there- 
to, they regarding the Pain chiefly, while both Caufe 
and Dtfeaje are remaining. They are of thin 
ul'a ni are ““frAtre/y hot, feldom exceeding 
the firn Degree, and ratejaciem ; and fo Dige ft mg 
ConcoUmg , Dijflpating, Extenuating, and m fame 
meafure Evacuating, whatever Humour is fharp 
tough, or grofs ; by it alcalious property abler bin'* 
the acritude of the Matter, contain'd in any Cavity 
or its Pores. ’ 
n v ■ i \, N 1 A R C 0 T I C K S. Tbefe are 
fiupijying Medicines, and eafe Pam, not by miti- 
gatingu but by Stupifadion ; not by taking away 
thei-aufe, but byObJlruflion of the Animal Spirits 
for Stupor is fomething left than 
Infenfibility, or the provocation of Senfe : They are 
alfo called Hypnoticks ‘and Somnificks , becaufe 
they induce Sleep. Thefe being taken too liberally 
or to excefs, caufe Death, as all Opiates, if im- 
moderately dofed. They are to be admin fired at 
fuch times, when the Symptoms are fo grievous ns 
to threaten a greater danger than the Difeafe. ’ 
XII. 9.BECHICKS. Thefe are fuch 
as abate or eafe Coughing. And they are things 
which tncrapte thin Humours, flop Defluxions, 
and fo eafe the Cough, Narcoticks of the middle 
kind, are agreeable to to the Breft and Lungs ■ 
which if they are co/d, they incraffate thin Humours' 
and flop Coughing, and efpecially fuch as are much 
Narcotick, or Slupifying : But fuch things as are hot 
and of thin parts, and extenuating, which expeflo- 
ratc lough Humours, oft'times eafe it. 
XIII. 10. SOLUTI.VES. Thefe are 
Loofmng Medicines, not fuch as are Purging, but 
by their hot and motfi Qualities, keep the Body fo- 
luble j they not only open the Pores of the Vifcera 
or Entrails but in fome meafure removing Obflru. 
tti07lf y 
