IOO 
ftji 
Salmon ’ s Herbal. Lib. 1. 
very Jbort thin skins than leaves , of a brownifh dead 
yellow color. The blowers atjfo are of a dead yellow- 
ifh color . , and Jland upon a f piked head , like unto that 
of the Orchis, and of the Janie fafhion -, after which 
follows Husks of duf\y Seed. 
IV. The Purple Birds-Neft has a Root exattly like 
the former , from whence rife up a Stalk or Stalks 
about eight or nine inches high , the lower part of 
which within t be ground is not round like the for- 
me r, but fender , and of a yellowifh white color : the 
Stalks are fet with a few finally narrow, fhort, skin- 
ny , j (harp pointed Leaves , Jet without any order , very 
little , or aimojl nothing at all wrapping or enclojing 
the Stalk , which has a fpike of blowers very like 
the former, without Tails or Leaves growing among f 
them. The whole Riant, as it appears above ground. 
Stalks, Leaves and blowers, is of a Violet, or deep 
Purple color : after the blowers are fallen, there fle- 
eced Veffcls full of ' f mall Seed, like the former. 
V. The Places. They are both found in many 
laces of England, in Woods, and low Copfes : 
ut they are not fo much found in the Southern 
Parts of the Kingdom, as in the Northern : It is 
laid, that they grow near to a Village called Knaes- 
b hough in Torkfkire. Gerard found it growing in 
the middle of a Wood in Kent, two Miles from 
GravcJ'cnd, near to the then Mr. William Swans 
houfe of Howch-Grecn the Wood then belonging 
to one Mr.' John Sidlcy -, the ground in the fame 
place ( fays he ) is covered all over with the Herb 
S ankle, and with that kind of Orchis, called Hcr- 
maphroditica , or Butterfly Satyrion. 
VI. The Limes. It fiourilhes and flowers in June, 
July and Augufl -, and its Seed ( if it may be called 
Seed) which is mealy or dully, falls in the end of 
Augufl : But Gera/d will not allow it to beany Seed 
at all. 
VII. The Virtues. No Authors that have ever 
wrote of it, have aligned it any Virtues : however 
it is certain, that it is of the Nature of the Orchis , 
and poflibly may have their Qualities, Properties, 
and Effetfs, being in like manner applied. 
CHAP. LXXIV. 
BISHOPS-WEED Common. 
I.Mp H E Names. It is called in Greek V A and 
X -, A upuv, ( from the fmallnefs of the Seed 
which refembles Sand : ) In Latin, Ammi, and Ame os 
( the Genitive Cafe: ) Some call it Cuminum JEthi- 
opicum ( from the likenefs to that of Cumin,) alfo 
Cuminum Regium , Royal Cumin ( from its excellent 
properties : ) In Arabtck it is called Hanochach, Ana- 
zave, Nacachau, Nacachaver. And in Enghfh it is 
called, Bijhops-Weed, Herb-William , and by fome, 
Bullwort. 
II. The Kinds. They are of two principal Kinds, 
j. Domcfick, called in Latin, Ammi Vu/gare, and 
Vulgatius , : It is called by Tabermontanus, Am- 
mio felinum, which is our Eng/iJh Bifhops-Weed. 
i. boreign, and is twofold, i. Ammi Creticum, as 
Camerarius calls it, Ammi Creticum Aromaticum, as 
Label calls it, Bifoops-weed of Candy. 2. Ammi par- 
vum Joins ja'/iicuh, Ammi alter urn parvum, by Do- 
don xus ■, Ammi verum by Gefner, (but Parkinjbn 
lays, the true Ammi of Diofcorides is not known ) 
’Tis true, Diofcorides does not deferibe it ^ but from 
fome remarks taken from him, from Pliny, and from 
Galen, it is almolt plainly deciphered, elpecially the 
Seed, as being much finaller and whiter than Cumin 
Seed, and fmelling like Origanum : Now none of 
the Seeds which the Apothecaries ufe, or have been 
fhew’d for Ammi, can be compared with Cumin, nor 
have they the fmell ol Origanum : in Englifh, Small 
Bifkops-wecd : Of thefe two laft we fhall treat in 
the next Chapter. 
III. The Defcription. Our Common Bifhops- 
weed has a Root While and Fibrous, perifhing every 
Tear, after it has Seeded, and commonly rifing again 
of its own f owing : From this Root rijes up a round 
freight Stalky fome times as tall as a Alan , but com- 
monly 3 or 4 feet high, fet with feveral fmall, long, 
and fomexobat broad Leaves, cut in, in fome places, 
and fnipt or dented about the edges, growing on both 
fides of a long bootfalk one againf another, of a dark 
green color, Jbmewhat like unto Skirrct Leaves , ha- 
ving feveral Branches on them ■, and at the tops 
fmall Vmbles of white Flowers, which turn into 
fmall, round, and brown Seed, little bigger than 
Parfey Seed, and not fo large ns Annife Seed, of a 
brisk quick fmell, and hot tajle. 
IV. The Places. It is found growing Wild in ma- 
ny places of England and Wales -, by a hedge fide 
next field beyond Green Hithe, on the way as you 
go to Gravefend -, and with ua it is alfo nourifhed 
up in Gardens. 
V. The Times. It flowers in June and July, and 
the Seed is ripe towards the latter end of Augufl. 
VI. The Qualities. It is hot and dry in the third 
Degree, the Seed more elpecially. It is attenuating, 
Dilcuflive, Diuretick, Nephritick, Hyfterick, and 
Arthritick ; Alterative, and Alexipharmick. It is 
bitter in tafte, of thin parts, and fharp withal. 
VII. The Specif cation. It is approved againft the 
Cholick, and mightily provokes Luff • which I be- 
lieve is from its Spermatogenetick faculty. 
VIII. The Preparations. You may make there- 
from, 1. A liquid Juice. 2. An EJjencc. 3. A D/- 
Jl tiled Water. 4. A Ponder from the Seed. 5. A 
Spirituous Tintture of the fame. 6 . An Oily Tin - 
ttiire. 7. A Saline Tinthire. 8. A Spirit. 9. A 
Chymical Oil of the Seed. 10. A Fixed Salt. 1 1. Po- 
tejlates or Powers. 12. A Balfam. 13. A Cata- 
plafm of the green Herb. 
The 
