\6^ Salmon ’ s Herbal. Lib. 1. 
Jomewhat rejembling an Artichoak Leaf in the divi- 
fions , whence the name Foliis Cynaris, green above , 
and gray , or as it were hoary underneath . The Stalk 
rifes about a yard high , cornered and hoary , having 
feveral /mailer Leaves , and lefs jagged , fet there- 
upon , and parted at the top into fome Branches , each 
bearing a few /mail Leaves , /fo Heads , which 
are much greater , and more fcaly , with Jharp pricks 
at their ends , //fo </ /////<? Wild Artichoak Head. 
The tuft of Threads , which are the Llowers , are more 
purple , than in the firft -, and the Seeds are white , 
wrapped up in Down in like manner. 
VI. The fourth, or Yellow Great Centory., ' has a 
Root which grows in time to be greater than any of 
the former, having many Heads which /boot forth new 
Leaves in the Spring , /fo o/t/ Leaves going away or 
dying upon the ground every Tear , which is wrinkled , 
on the out fide , and yellowijh within , full 
of a vifeous or Jlimy moifture , and Jiriking deep in- 
to the ground , «;///; yfo/£ greater Branches , and a 
few /mail fibres. The new Leaves which this Root fends 
forth are both larger and longer from the Root than 
the others , /fo/r oj the loweft having fewer divifions 
in them , /fo// yfo/ztf others of them have -, but thofe 
which grow upon the Stalk , tw «;<?// dx of the 
others below , are very much divided into many parts , 
making every winged leaf to confifl of fourteen or 
Jixteen Leaves , /fo £/ri?/ rib in the middle between 
them being whitijh , each for the moft part fet againft 
another , with an odd one at the end ', <///// ^ 
them being narrow and long , without any dents on 
the edges , and of a whitijh green color. The Stalks 
are manifold , round and jlrong , /z little f raked down 
length ways , each being divided into fome other 
Branches , which bear fcaly Heads greater than any 
of the others , and larger fpread thrums in the mid- 
dle, of a delicate pale, but lively yellow color, which 
continue in their glory and beauty for a long time, 
without decaying ■, but they feldom yield any Seed 
here with us in England, becaufe that the fcaly 
Heads are fo full of moifture ( as is fuppofed ) which 
hinders the Seed to grow ripe therein for if they 
are but a little prejjed between the Lingers, there 
will ijfue out on all Jides /mail clear drops of Water, 
almojt of a Honey like Sweetnefs, and that not only 
at Noon-time oj the Day, as Bauhin zs pleafed to 
fay, but alfo at all other times of the Day , and not 
fur one only time and no more, but often times, and 
every Day, as long as the Flowers are frejh, and not 
yet withered : but when it perfetfs its Seed, it is 
not much unlike to the Seed of the fecond kind, but a 
little lejfer , blacker, and more Jhining. 
VII. The Places. The firlt delights in a fat and 
fruitful Soil, and in Sunny Banks, full of Grafs and 
Herbs. The firft and fecond grow upon the Alps, 
and Mount Baldus : Diofcorides faith, they grow 
plentifully in Lycia, Peloponncfus, Arcadia , &c. The 
third grows upon the Pyranean Hills, and upon 
ftony Hills near Lisbon in Portugal, near the River 
Tagus : It has alfo been found to grow in America , 
upon the Floridian Continent, near Canada, New 
England, Virginia, and parts adjacent to them. The 
fourth not far from Lisbon, near the Tagus, and al- 
fo on Mount Baldus, as Pena faith : With us, they 
are only nourhhed up in Gardens, where they thrive 
and fiourifh very well. 
VIII. The Times. They all Flower about the 
end of June, and in July, and the Roots may be 
gathered in Autumn. The American feldom Flow- 
ers with us, becaufe of the coldnefs of our Climate, 
nor does it live, unlefs with much care. 
IX. The Qualities. It is hot and dry in the third 
Degree. It is Aperitive, Ablterfive, Aftringent, Di- 
geltive, Difcuflive, Incarnative, Anodyn, and Trau- 
matick, or Vulnerary. It is dedicated to the Sto- 
mach, Lungs, Liver, Spleen, Reins and Womb : It 
is Alterative, Alexipharmick, and Hemopock. 
X. The Specification. It is a noble Wound Herb : 
Pliny ■and. Theophraftus fet it down among the num- 
ber of Panacea’s, All-heals, or Wound Herbs, this 
Great Centory, ( as alfo the Lefler, of which in 
the next Chapter. ) Pliny, lib. 25. cap. a. reciting 
the words of Theophrnjtus , fays, that they were 
found out by Chiron the Cent an re, and that from 
thence they were called Cenlauria : and in cop. 6. he 
repeats and affirms again 1 the lame thing, and there- 
upon, he faith, they were both named Chironia 
though in truth they, viz. the Greater and Smaller’ 
are no Kin one to another, not being Species of the 
fame Genus, and fo have no relation but only in 
name. It is reported, that Chiron was cured here- 
with of a Wound in hisFoot, which was made with 
an Arrow, which fell upon it, when he was enter- 
taining Hercules in his Houfe, upon which it was 
called Chiromum : or elfe from the curing of the 
Wounds of his Soldiers, for the which Intention it 
is moft excellent. 
XI. The ¥ reparation!. The Roots and Herb are 
both ufed, but the Root chiefly : and from them 
you may prepare, I . A liquid Juice. 7. An EJJence. 
3. An Injufion. 4. A DecoSion. A Ponder 
6 . A Bajfam. 7. An Ointment. 8. A Cataplafm. 
9. A Spirituous Tincture. 10. An Acid T'mClure 
11. An Oily TinJure : all made from the Root. 
The Virtues. 
XII. The liquid Juice. Being taken to two or three 
ounces, or more, Morning and Evening, opens Ob- 
ftrufttons of the Livet and Spleen, and prevails a- 
gainlt the Dropfie and Yellow Jaundice, flops fpit- 
ting of Blood, and is prevalent againft Ruptures 
Cramps, and Pleurifies, and for thofe who have an 
old and continued Cough, or are fhort Winded and 
can hardly draw their Breath. 
XIII. The EJJence. It has all the former Virtues 
but more powerful to every Intention ; befides 
which, this Preparation is profitable againft Agues 
eafes the Cholick, and all forts of Griping Pains’ 
both of Belly and Womb. It is alfo a lingular Trau- 
matick, for it heals all inward Wounds and Exco- 
riations of the Bowels, and outwardly applied to 
Wounds, running Sores and Ulcers, it digefts, clean- 
fes, drys, and Difpofes the fame to a fpeedy heal- 
ing- Dole two or three ounces in a Glafs of gene- 
rous Wine. 
XIV. The Infufton. It is a weak thing compared 
with the former Preparation -, yet being made in 
Wine, it opens Obftruaions of the Vifcera , and is 
good againft the Jaundice, pains of the Pleura or 
Stitches in the Side. Dole four or fix ounces Morn- 
ing and Evening. 
XV. The DecoSion. It is fomething more power- 
ful than the Infufion, and is good for the fame Dif- 
eafes which that and the Enence are good againft. 
Sweetned with Honey, or Sugar Candy, it is good 
againft Wheelings, Hoarfnefs, Obftruaions of the 
Lungs, fhortnels of Breath, and an inveterate Cough. 
It is good againft the Strangury, or piifing by drops : 
and ufed as a Lotion, it cleanfes Wounds, bid Sores 
and running Ulcers ; and as a Gargarifm, it cleanfes 
and heals Cankers and Ulcers in the Gums, Mouth 
and Throat : being drank half a Pint at a time, it 
expels the malignity of Wounds made by the bi- 
tings or (tinging of Venomous Creatures. Dropt 
into the Eyes it clears them, and lharpens the Eye- 
fight. 
XVI. The Ponder. It has all the Virtues of the 
Juice, Effence and Decoflion, being taken one dram, 
or dram and halt at a time, Morning and Evening, 
in 
