208 
Salmon s Herbal. 
Lib. L 
England, New York, New JerJey , Penfylvania, Vir- 
ginia, and Carolina, in which laft place I have found 
it feveral times, travelling through moift, wet, and 
Moorilh places. 
VI. The Times. The firft begins to Flower in 
the end of February, or beginning of March, and 
the Leaves appear about the middle or latter end 
of March, when the Flowers are all gone, and re- 
main green all the Summer long -, and for this 
caule it has been thought that Coltsfoot had never 
born Flowers, as Pliny lib. 2 6. cap. 6. has hinted. 
VII. The Qualities. They are cold and dry in the 
firft Degree ^ Apperitive, Aftringent, Traumatick or 
Vulnerary, PeHoral, and Analeptick. 
VIII. The Specification. They are peculiar againft 
Coughs, and Difeafes of the Lungs. 
IX. The Preparations. You may have therefrom, 
1. A liquid Juice. 2. An E (fence. 3. A Syrup. 
4. A Decoition. 5. ACataplafm. 6. Dryed Leaves. 
7. A Difiilled Water. 8. Tinder. 
The Virtues. 
X. The liquid Juice. Taken alone, or fweetned 
with Sugar or Honey, it is prevalent againft Coughs, 
Colds, Wheezing, Hoarfnefs, and other Diftempers 
of the Lungs. Dofe from one to three ounces, Morn- 
ing and Night at Bed time ; and at other times of 
the Day, if the Cough is vehement. 
XI. The E (fence. It lias all the Virtues of the 
Juice, but more powerful ^ befides which, it is An- 
gularly good to cure Ulcers of the Lungs, and Sto- 
mach, as alfo the Bloody Flux, and Ulcers of the 
Bowels ^ it flops thin Rheums and Diftillations, or 
Catarrhs, and helps in Confumptions. Dofe from 
one ounce to three, two or three times a day, either 
alone, or mixed with the Diftilled Water. 
XII. The Syrup. It cures Coughs, chiefly dry 
Coughs ; but has an Influence againft all Diftem- 
pers of the Breaft and Lungs, being often taken, 
even by fpoonfuls, as alfo with a Liquorice flick. 
XIII. The Decottion. If it is made of the green 
Leaves and Roots, it cures a Cough proceeding from 
a thin Rheum, and helps Hoarfnefs, you may fweeten 
it with Sugar or Honey. 
XIV. The Cataplafm of the green Leaves. If it is 
made alone, ©r with Honey, it is good to abate hot 
Inflammations, and Anthonies fire, and to cure 0- 
ther hot excretions of the Skin and being applied 
it is good to heal Ulcers, and other old and run- 
ning Sores. 
XV. The Dryed Leaves. Taken as Tobacco, 
they are good for thin Rheums, Diftillations and 
Coughs : fo alfo the Root taken in like fort, as 
Diof corides and Galen fay : viz. the Fumes of it, 
taken ( from burning Coles) into the Mouth thro 5 
a Funnel as alfo the Fumes of the Leaves fo taken 
( for I fuppofe the Ancients knew nothing of To- 
bacco Pipes, that being a Modern invention ^ ) they 
effeftually help fuc-h as are troubled with ftiortnefs 
of Breath, and draw their Breath thick and often. 
The Fumes alfo ripen and break Apoftems of the 
Thorax and Lungs, and that without any danger. 
XVI. The Difiilled Water. Uled limply of it 
felf, or mixed with Elder-flowers and Nightfhade , 
it is a Lingular remedy againft all hot Agues, to 
drink two ounces at a time, and to have Cloths 
wet therein, and to be applied to the Head and 
Stomach. The fame applied to hot Swellings, or 
any Inflammation, does much good, and prevails 
againft Burnings and Scaldings, and Anthonies fire. 
It is Lingular good alfo to take away red Pimples, 
Wheals, and other fmall eruptions of the Skin’ 
which arife through heat ^ and is profitable againft 
the inflammation of the Piles, and burning heat of 
the Privy Parts, cloths being wet therein and applied. 
XVII. The Tinder. It is made, as Mattbiolu? 
fays, of the Cotton or white Wool, which grows 
in fome parts of the Root -, the faid Cotton being 
cleanfed from the Roots, and bound up hard in Li- 
nen Cloths, and boiled in Lye for a while ; therl* 
adding fome Salt-petre to it, it is to be dried in the 
Sun. This, fays Parkinfon, is the belt Tinder to 
take Fire that can be, being (truck from a Flint. 
Applied to moift Ulcers, it dries up their Humidities. 
CHAP. CXLVIII. 
Of COLUMBINE. 
l-'TfHE Names. It is faid to be called in Greek, 
-i- nofi©-, as Coftaus thinks from Theophrajh/s] 
lib. 6. cap. fi. and yet fome think the Greeks knew 
nothing at all of it : Dalechampius upon Athemeus, 
calls it, A/o(7aV0©*, Diojanthos, i, e. Flos Jovis. Fa- 
bius Columna, in his Phytoba/anos, to whom Clufius. 
gives the greateft approbation, refers it to the 
'IcZ'xv&v, Ifopyrum Diojcoridk. In Latin, it is cal- 
led, Aquileia, Aquihna, Aquilegia, Aquilegia Rcfea ' 
Aquilegia Stellata , Leontofiomum Gefneri, Herbd 
Leonis : and in Englijh, Columbine. 
II. The Kinds. Authors defcribe many Kinds 
hereof, but thole which we fhall treat qf, are thefe 
frven following: 1. AquilegiaVulgaris fiore fimphci. 
The Common Single Columbine. 2. Aquilegia Vul- 
garis fiore pleno. Common Double Columbine. 
3. Aquilegia inverfis Corniculis, Double inverted 
Columbines. 4. Aquilegia Rojea, The Rofe Co- 
lumbine. 5. Aquilegia Degener, The Degenerate 
Columbine. 6.Thalittrum vel Thalietrum Hifpa- 
nicum album & purpureum. Pitta Palufiris , Rut a 
Pratenfis, Pfeudorhabarbarum, Tufted Columbines, 
White and Purple. 7. Aquilegia Virginiana fiore ru- 
bejfente prxcox. The early red Columbine of Virgi- 
nia. 
