2io Salmon j* Herbal. Lib. I 
VII. The filth or Degenerate Columbine holds the 
proper jorm oj a Columbine, being much like to the 
Double Rofe kind , but that the outwardmoft row oj 
Leaves are larger than any of the reft inwards , and 
is of a greenifh , or of a purplifh green color , which 
is not altogether Jo apt to give good Seed like the 
former. '1 his kind of Columbine might feem to fome 
to be but a cajual Degeneration, and no true natural 
kind , happening by fome caufe of Tranf planting, 
or other wife by Art •, but finding it to hold and keep 
its own proper Species , ( being raffed from its own 
Seed ) and not varioufly to change into other forms, 
1 am obliged, 1 think, to conclude the contrary. 
\ III. The fixth, or Spanilh Tufted Columbine, 
hew a Root m ule of many long yellow Branches and 
Str ings, zohich endure many Tears, and encreafe much. 
Theje Plants ( whether white or purple ) have both 
one form in Roots, Stalks, Leaves, and Flowers, and 
therefore need but one Deffcription : The Leaves are 
both for color and form, Jo like unto Columbine , 
Leaves ( tho ’ lefjcr and darker, yet more fpread, i 
and on larger Stalks ) that they may eafily deceive 
one, that does not conjideratcly obferve them. For 
tW Leaves are much more divided, and in ffmaller 
parts, and not fo round at the ends. The Stalks 
are round, prong, and a yard high at leaf, branch- 
ing out into two or three parts, with Leaves at their 
fever al Joints at the tops whereof Rand many Flow- 
ers, zohich are nothing but a number of Threads, 
made like unto a fmall round Tuft, breaking out oj 
a white Skin or Leaf, which inclofes them, and which 
being unblown, appear like unto little Buttons. The 
color of thefe Threads or Tufts are whitifh, with 
yellow Tips oh them, and fomewhat purplifh at bot- 
tom, having a flrong, but no good or pie af ant Smell. 
They abide in their Beauty ( more efpe dally if they 
grow in the fhade, and not too hot in the Sun ) a 
great while, and then fall away like fhort Down, or 
Threads : The Seed Vejfels are three fquare, con- 
taining fmall, lug, and round Seed. The purple 
Tuhed Columbine differs only from the white , in 
that it is not full out fo high, nor fo large, and that 
the color of the flowers or Tufts, is a blewifh purple, 
with yellow Tips, and is much more rare than the 
white. 
IX. The feventh, or Virginian Columbine, has a 
Root long, with many Fibres thereat, but differs lit- 
tle from our common fmgle fort, except in the fol- 
lowing particulars. The Stalk ( Cornutus makes to 
be a Dwarf, but ) is as tall as cur common Englifh, and 
if a reddifh color. The Leaves are f mailer, and fome- 
what like to thofe of the Thali&rum lap deferibed, or 
Meadow Rue, but cf a paler green color. The Flow- 
ers are cf a fad reddifh color, and fmgle from the 
middle of them to the ends -, but yellowifh from 
then c to the bottom the ends of whofe Leaves are 
Hi t blunt, as in ours, but f iff, rough, and pointed, 
within which horned Leaves there are five other 
ft nailer, and of a reddifh color alfo, their points bend- 
ing downwards, having many fmall white Threads 
in the muffle tipt with yellozv -, after which come 
five pointed or horned Seed Vejfels, containing within 
them black Jhining Seed. 
X. I he Places. They all grow with us in our 
Gardens., as Garden Flowers: but Clufius lays, that 
the Angle Kinds have been often found on fome of 
the Woody Mountains in Germany. The leventh 
Kind is a Native of Virginia, and was brought to 
us from thence by John Tradefcant. 
XI. The Tones. They moft of them flower not 
until May, and for the moft part of June, and (as 
Gerard \ ays) in July, their Seed ripening in the 
mean time. The Aquilegia Virginiana, or Virginian 
Kind, flowers fomewhat earlier than any of the 
other Kinds, ufually fooner by a Month. 
XII. The Vitalities. They are Temperate in re- 
fpeft of Heat or Coldnefs, Drynefs or Moifture : 
Aperitive, Abfterfive, and Aftringent ^ Hepatick,Ne- 
phritick, and Hyfterick, Alterative, Vulnerary, and 
Lithontriptick. 
XIII. The Specification. It facilitates the Delive- 
ry of Women in Child-bed. 
XIV. The Preparations. You may have, i. A li- 
quid Juice from the Herb and Root. 2. An Effence 
from the fame. 3. A Decoftion in Wine. 4. A Lo- 
tion. 5. A Louder of the Seed. 6 . The Root of 
the Common Kinds. 7. The Root of the Tufted 
Kind. 
The Virtues. 
XV. The liquid Juice. Mixed with Milk and 
Honey, it is good to heal fore Mouths : and taken 
four or fix fpoonfuls at a time in White Port Wine 
Morning and Night, it opens Obftru&ions of the 
Liver, and prevails againft the Jaundice. 
XVI. The Effence. It has more potently the Vir- 
tues of the Liquid Juice, befides it is of excellent 
ufe to heal old running Sores, and putrid Ulcers : 
and being taken for fome time, it is an admirable 
tiling againft Obftru&ions of the Reins and Blad- 
der. 
XVII. The Decoftion of the Herb and Root in 
Wine. This being perfumed with fome Grains of 
Ambergrife, is good againft thofe Swoonings, which 
the Greeks c all dJ'uva.fict as alfo to open the Ob- 
ftruftions of the Liver, Reins, and Womb. 
XVIII. The Lotion. It is made of the Leaves 
boiled in Milk or Poflet-drink, and fweetned a lit- 
tle with Honey * it is good againft the forenefs of 
the Throat, alfo prevails againft the Inflammation 
Swelling, Falling and Excoriation of the Uvula \ 
Cankers in the Mouth and Gums, and other moift 
and running Sores in thofe parts * all which it heals 
by Virtue of its drying and binding Quality. 
XIX. The Louder of the Seed. Given to one dram 
in Wine, with ten grains of Saffron, it opens the 
Obftruftions of the Liver, and helps againft the yel- 
low Jaundice, as Tragus fays, but he advifes that 
the Patient after taking of it fhould be laid in a 
warm Bed, and made to Sweat well thereupon 
Clufius fays, that a Phyfician in Bruges gave it to 
Women in Travel ( in a Glafs of Wine ) to caufe 
fpeedy Delivery, repeating it two or three times, as 
need required. 
XX. The Roots of the Common Kinds. Camerari- 
us fays, that in Spain they eat the Root for many 
days together, to help fuch as were troubled with 
the Stone in the Reins. 
XXI. The Roots of the Tufted Kind. They are 
faid to have the Virtues of Rhubarb, by reafon that 
( befides their being yellow ) they have an opening 
and drying Quality, as Rhubarb has. They are good 
( as Diofcorides lays ) to cleanfe and dry old Ul- 
cers, and to heal them. Camerarius fays, that in 
Italy they are ufed againft the Plague ; and in Saxony 
againft the Jaundice. 
CHAP. CXLIX. 
Of C O M F R E Y. 
I . ' I' 1 ' HE Names. It is called in Greek, 2e 
X iC) a facultate Glutinandi : alfo n»n- 
Tif, k, UmitIv, as Diofcorides faith : In Latin, Sym- 
phytum, Symphitum , Confolida, Confolida major and 
