2 66 
Salmon s Herbal Lib. I. 
comes not often to Maturity in our Country : from 
this Root jhoot forth feveral long , rough andfome- 
what hard winged Leaves , Confining of many leffer 
Leaves, each of which are finely dented about the 
edges, 'winch are in f'ajhion almoji like the fmallefl 
Leaves of Wild Parfoep : from among which Leaves 
/brings up a J lender , weak , bending Stalk , about a 
foot high, much like foPeclen Veneris, divided at the 
top into many parts, each of which has a round, whi- 
lijhfoft and woolly or downy head or Ball, funding 
Upon a /mail foot-flalk , viz. roundand hairy Buttons 
or Knobs, like Artlion Montanum, or Bardana minor 
Montana, as Diofcorides has obferved, or like to the 
Plane-tree heads or Balls : within which Heads is 
contained a downy Subfiance, among ft which is the 
Seed, like the Seed pf Dens Leonis, but much lej- 
fer. 
J V. T he fecond, or Horned Wild Cumin, which is 
the Hypecoum Legitimum, has a fingle, long and 
thick Root, with Jome Fibres appendent to it, which 
dies every Lear, at the firft approach of Winter, and 
is with us very hardly made to fpring again , but by 
an Autumn Sowing : from this Root fpring forth fe- 
veral long winged Leaves lying on the Ground, very 
much divided, and cut into many parts, not much un- 
like to the Leaves of Sefeli or Maffilia, of a pale or 
whitijh green color, fo like unto Fumiterry in the co- 
lor of the Leaves, as alfo fomewhat near to it in the 
many Divifions and Parts thereof, that it may eaftly 
deceive one who does but fiightly look upon it, but the 
Leaves are fmaller and thinner, and more gentle in 
handling , (tho’ growing larger in Spain, as Clulius 
has obferved.) In the mid ft of theft Leaves rifes up 
a Stalk (or two) a Cubit high or more, very fmooth 
and whitijh, with fame fine jagged Leaves thereon, 
which is divided towards the top into fievera l 
Branches ; at the tops of which come forth fine fmall 
yellow flowers, confifiing of fix Leaves apiece , two 
of which are larger than the reft, and edged with 
green on the outfide, and ftandone oppofite to another, 
the reft being Jmall, and fcarcely to be difeerned but 
when the flower is blown open ; the flowers being 
pafs'd away , there fucceed long, crooked, flat Horns , 
Husks or Cods, crooked, large and full of Knots , 
Joints or Divifions, fomewhat like unto the Husks 
or Horns of the Scorpioides Matthioli, but greater 
and longer ; in the feveral Joints whereof lye feve- 
ral fquare yellowifh Seeds , fmall and flat, andalmoft 
like to thofe of Galega or Goats-Rue, which are very 
difficultly to be taken out and feparatei from the 
Husks or Skins. Hie Tafte of the whole Plant is 
unpleafant. 
VI. The third, or Small Codded Wild Cumin, 
lias a Root much like the former ; the Leaves are al- 
fo fomething like, not fo broad and long as thofe, but 
more cut in, and finely dented and divided, fomewhat 
like unto Sefeli or Hartwort n/Marfelles, or Wild 
Chervil. The Stalks are fmooth, fmall and tender, 
full of Branches and Leaves, much like unto the 
fmall Leaves of Caraway or Peflen Veneris. At 
the tops of the Stalks and Branches come forth pretty 
yellow f lowers, made of Jive pointed Leaves , and 
much like to thofe of Great Celandine or Rocket, fa- 
iling that they are fomewhat left. Tbefe being pafs’d 
away, long Pods Jucceed them, which hang down, and 
ft and not upright, nor are crooked , like the former -, 
but the Seeds within the Cods are feverally dijl mil, 
and feparated one from another by equal Partitions, 
in fmall Crojfes, yellow of color and fomewhat long, 
larger than the other aforegoing, and not much un- 
like to Galega or thofe of Goats-Rue. 
VII. The Places. They are found Natives of Ga- 
latia, Lycia, feveral places of Afia, Italy Spain and 
France -, and grow in our Gardens here in England, 
only by fowing the Seed. 
VIII. The Times. They tlower not with us till 
the middle of Summer, viz. July and Auguft, and 
give their Seed late, viz. in September-, but the firft 
feeds very late, and is feldom good. Gerard lays, 
that the fecond did liourilh and flower in his Gar- 
den. 
IX. The Vitalities, Specification and Virtues of the 
firft, are the fame with thofe of the Garden Cumin 
in the former Chapter, to which you are referred. 
But as for the two latter, tho’ they feem to be of 
the Nature of Poppies , yet fince no Author has faid 
any thing of them, we (hall be filent concerning the 
fame. 
CHAP. CLXXXVII. 
Of CYPERUS Sweet, 
0 R, 
HER B-C Y PERUS. 
I.' p H E Names. It is called in Arabick , Saha - 
JL rade : in Greeks Kim?©- : in Latin , Cyperus , 
J uncus angulofus, June us quadrat us, J uncus Tri- 
angularis, Afpalathum , Eryjifceptron ■, and in Eng. 
lifh , Cyperus , Herb Cyperus, Sweet Cyperus , Galin- 
ga, and Galingal Englijh. 
II. The Kinds. It is fourfold, viz. i. K um?Q- 
Tfyyyvx©-, Cyperus rotundus. Sweet or Herb Cype- 
rus, or Engliih Galingal round-rooted. 2. Ktm?©- 
Cyperus longus. Herb Cyperus or Engliih Gu- 
iingal long-rooted. 3. KuVe?©- diyta.ru M , Cyperus 
lit or alis, vel lit ore us rotundus , Round Sea Marih 
Cyperus, or Marih Engliih Galingal : all thefe are 
found growing in England, and ihall be treated of 
in this Chapter •, to thefe add 4. Cyperus dulcis ro- 
tundus ejculentus, or Traji dulce Italonm , Sweet 
Ruih-Nut, which f^e hereafter in its proper 
place. 
III. The Greeks have other Names for the Plants 
treated of in this Chapter, tho’ KuW?©- is the gene- 
ral Name, and is that by which the firft kind is cal- 
led, ( fo called from the Roundnefs of the Root ) 
which is the Cyperus rotundus odoratus : K v’metf, Cy- 
peris longus odoratus, is the fecond , or long-rooted 
fweet kind: Ky^7?©- ? Cypir us lit oralis, is the third, 
•or Marfh kind of all which in their Order. 
IV. Note. This is to be taken notice of, That 
many Apothecaries, by reafon of their Ignorance, do 
ufe the long fweet Cyperus Roots inftead of the round 
Cyperus Roots and others, tho’ they know better, 
yet conftantly make ufe of the long, inftead of the 
other, contrary to the Appointment of the Ancients, 
nor do they defire to be furnilhed with the Genuine 
or True, becaufe the one is much cheaper and eafier 
to be had than the others are, thus fubftituting the 
long for the round -, which, tho’ upon neceflity a 
Subftitute may be admitted, yet no Succedanum , viz. 
a quid pro quo, is to be allowed of, when the true 
Ingredient is to be had ^ forafmuch as no Subftitute 
can be fo eftettual to every Intention as the Genuine 
is : this Abufe ought indeed to be rectified for the 
future. 
V. The Defcriptions. The firjl , or Common 
fweet round kind, fate a Root which is compofed of 
many long and round blackifh brown fmall Roots, of 
the bignefs of fmall Olives, or Roots of the Greater 
Filipendula , which are fa lined together by long 
Strings, and are of a fweet Smell, even whi/Jl they 
are green, but more when they are dry, which then 
are 
