4^0 
Salmon s Herbal. Lib. I. 
W . : uaiAi :air double veiiow E lowers, like to 
tlu: tirft aloie dcl'cribed, but letter ^ the whole Plant 
yields a. milky Juice, as the others do-, it perifhes 
a; lb as the others do, after it has perfected its Seed * 
indeed it is very much like to the former Tellow 
Km. I, but that it, is not fo great, nor rifes fo high, 
has much narrower Leaves, even like to Grafs, and 
almoft as long, but not fo manifold, the E lower on- 
ly differing in its magnitude, as alorefaid. 
VI. The fourth , or Blew Goats-Beard, has a Root 
which k long, and not very great, pcrifhing at fan 
m it hat horn Seed, /fringing up ogam oj the jailing 
Seed, and fo remaining green all Winter, and flow- 
er 'irtg the next Tear following. From this Root riles 
up a Stalk greater and ftronger than that of Scorzo- 
ncra or Vipers-Grafs, it is repleniihed with long, 
narrow, and fomewhat hollow, whitifh green Leaves, 
with a white Line down the middle of every one , 
on the upper fide; at the top of the Stalk grows 
a great long Head or Husk, compofed of nine or ten 
long narrow Leaves , the fharp points or ends . of 
which rile up above the Flower in the middle, which 
is thick and double, fomewhat broad and large fpread, 
of a blewifh Afh Color, with fome whitifh Threads 
among them , (hutting or clofing it felf within the 
green Husk every day at Noon, (for fo long, time 
as the Flowers continue) and not opening again un- 
til the next Morning; after the Flower is paft, the 
Head or Husk, the Seed being neat ripe, opens it 
fel K the long Leaves thereof, which doled not be- 
fore now, falling down round about the Stalk, and 
filewing the Seed, handing at the firft clofe together, 
and the Down at the top of them, but after a while 
it fpreads it felf round, and if not gathered, will be 
carried away with the Wind ; the Seed is long , 
round, and rough, like the Seed of Vipers-Grafs, 
but greater and blacker. 
VII. The fifth, or American, or Rofe colored 
Goats-Beard, ha y a Root which is long and fender , 
and is the fmallcfi Root of all the Goats-Beards, white 
downwards, and fomewhat hard, but more reddijh at 
the top, which fends forth many long and narrow 
Leaves, like unto Grafs , with a white Line in the 
middle of them, fmooth and foft if you ltroak them 
upwards , but as rough as Barley Leaves, ltroaking 
them downwards, and broadelt at their joining to 
the Stalk; the Stalk is about two Feet high, fcarce- 
ly dividing it felf into any Branches, but. bears at 
the top one great and large head, (which is great in 
reipett to the Plant) patted into eight long Leaves 
or Beards, in the middle of which is the Flower, 
coniifting of ten or twelve Leaves, of a pale pur- 
ple, or rather of a hlufh color, near unto a Damask 
Rofe , having feveral blackifh blew Threads in the 
middle, with a mealy duft upon them, which being 
palt, the Head or Husk grows fomewhat narrow,with 
a long Neck, containing within it the Seed, which 
is nor fafhioned into a round Globe like form, with 
Down ar the heads of the feveral Seeds, as in all the 
former , hut it has five longer and greater Seeds on 
the outfide, with little or no Down at the ends, of 
them, and fome leffer Seeds in the middle, which 
h ve a little Down on their heads, being yellowifh 
and fmooth, but the leaf! of all others. 
VIII. An Obfervation. Thefe Goats-Beards are 
very like to the Scorzonerds , or Vipers-Grajfes, in 
their outward form and manner of growing , and 
therefore are Species cjufdem generis, but the Tra- 
gopogon, or Goats-Beard, is the Genus or Standard, 
and the Scorzonerds are Species of the General Kind, 
but herein they chiefly differ, that whereas all the 
forts of Tragcpogon's are Annual Plants , peddling 
every Year, after they have born their Seed; it is 
certain that all the forts of Scorzmra’s are Perenni- 
al Plants, enduring after Seed time for many Years, 
as in their proper place we (hall hereafter at large 
declare. 
IX. 1 he Places. The firft and third grow in Gar- 
dens with us, but are alio found wild in many pla- 
ces of this Land, Gerard, fays they grow in Mea- 
dows and Fertile Paftures in molt places of England , 
they grow plentifully in molt of the Fields about 
London , as at Iflington , and in the Meadows by 
Redtiff, lheptford, and Putney, and in divers other 
places ; the third is found in Meadows (as aforefaid) 
about London , and many other places of the King- 
dom , but not fo plentifully as the firlt Kind ; the 
fecond, or Purple Kind, came to us from Italy, 
where it is faid to grow wild ; it has alfo been found 
growing wild in fome parts of Lancajhire , on the 
Banks of the River Cha/der , near to the Houfe for- 
merly the Lady Heakiths, two Miles from Whaley, 
but it is now Sown in Gardens almoft every where, 
for the beauty of the Flowers ; the fourth, or Blew 
Kind, came to us alfo. out of Italy , where it is fup- 
pofed to grow wild, but with us is only nurft up in 
Gardens, for its pleafant Flowers ; the fifth Kind is 
found growing on the Hills in Naples, as Columna 
reports , and I have found it growing wild in feve- 
ral parts of Florida , but with us in England it i« 
purely a Garden Plant. 
X. T he Times. They all of them Flower from 
the latter end of May thro’ all June and July, and 
the Seed comes to perfection in the mean time, be- 
ing ripe in July and Aitguft. 
XL The Qualities. Goats-Beard is temperate in 
refpefl of heat or cold, drinefs or moifture, a little 
Aftringent, Stomatick, Hepatick , Alexipharmick, and 
Analeptick. 
XII. The Specification. They are all Reftoratives 
in Confumptions, and expel Gravel from the Reins 
and Bladder. 
XIII. The Preparations. You may have there- 
from, I. The boiled Roo s, or Roots raw. 1. ADe-' 
coOion. 3. A diJUUed Water from the Root. 4. 
Sanguis, or Blood of the Root , there being no other 
part of the Plant tiled. 
The Virtues. 
XIV. The Root it felf. The Roots of any of the 
Kinds being boiled , but more efpecially of the firft 
Yellow Kind, and of the third alfo, and dreffed as 
Parfneps, are much more delicate and pleafant to 
the Talte in eating, they comfort the Stomach, are 
good againft Heart-burnings, ftrengthen the whole 
Body, and reftore in Confumptions; the Roots of 
the Yellow Kind are many times eaten raw, as a Sal- 
let, being fliced , and fo eaten with Pepper , Salt , 
and Vinegar, by which means the Stomach is alfo 
Strengthened, and they are reftored which are going 
into a Confumption, or are become Spare and Lean 
by long Sicknefs ; the Yellow Kinds are chiefly ufed 
as Parfneps, and for Salleting; the other Kinds are 
not altogether fo fit for that purpofe, being more 
bitter, aftringent, and abfteifive, having a more clean- 
fmg and binding quality than the others have, and 
therefore are moftly ufed in a Medicinal way ; the 
Yellow Kinds make a pleafant Difh of Food, far fur- 
pafling tfle Parfnep. 
XV. The Dccoffion. It is good againft the pain 
of the Stomach, and to expel the malignity of the 
Plague, and all forts of Peftiiential Difeafes ; itpre- 
vails againft Heartburnings, and a dejeUed Appetite, 
inciting and flirting it up; and it is good alfo a- 
gainlf Affefls of the Breaft, Liver, Reins, Ureters 
and Bladder, expelling Sand, Gravel, Stones, and 
Tartarous Matter from tliofe parts, for which reafon 
the Italians call it Sajfi Erica, Break-Stone. 
