0 
\ 
Chap. 451. ‘Englijb Herbs. 
647 
Ground Liver-wort docs : it only refts it felf in 
Spots and Tufts, fet here and there, of a dufty ruf- 
l'et Color above, and blackifh underneath : among 
the crumpled Leaves rife up feveral ftnall Stems or 
Stalks, on which do grow little Star like Flowers, 
of the Color of the Leaves. The Leaves are leffer 
than the former, of a lighter green Color, and a 
little hairy : the Stalks are (lender, naked; and a- 
bout two Inches high. 
VI. The fourth , or Liver-wort with a hooded 
Head. It has it Root conjijiing of fmall Fibres, fine 
and white. Its Leaves lie one upon another, of a 
yellowifh green Color, dafht over with an A(h-color, 
and fpotted a little in their middle. The Stalk 
grows to be about three or four Inches high, being 
white, fmooth, clear or tranfparent, and of the 
thicknefs of a Rufh, on which grows a fmall Head, 
fomething like unto an Hat, divided underneath in- 
to five parts, of a fpongy Subftance, green at the 
firft, then yellow, and laltly reddifh ; under which 
are growing the Fruir, which are of a dark purple 
Color, and juicy while they are frelh ; but being 
dry, have a Imoaky Pouder within them, inftead of 
Seed. 
VII. T he fifth , or Liver-wort with skinny Heels. 
Its Root is compofed of Fibres as fmall as Silk. Its 
Leaves are fmooth and tranfparent, more tender and 
fmall than any of the former, growing in time to 
be of a blackifh purple Color, and not lying or 
flicking one to another, as the others do ; from the 
back whereof grows forth a Skin or Sheath, fhaped 
like a Shooe, whofe brims or edges are a little 
crumpled, and railed higher than the reft ; from 
whence rife up about four little, dark, green, fhintng 
Heads, of the Bignefs of the fmalleft Peafe, which 
afterwards open into yellow Flowers, having four 
Leaves apiece, (landing on yellowifh Stalks four 
Inches high, with divers impalpable Threads in the 
middle. 
VIII. The fixth , or Smalleft Liver-wort without 
Stalks. Its Root confifis of very fine Jhort white Fi- 
bres, which cleave to the heaves, by which the Plant 
is nourijhed and lives. This is the fmalleft of all 
the Liver-worts, and its Leaves are no larger than 
the Nails of ones Finger, green and rough, with 
white Spots. It has alfo certain fad purplilh Skins, 
fet on both fides of the lower part of the Leafj be- 
fore any Flower appears ; but when the Leaf grows 
greater, it becomes of a fad purplilh Color, like 
the Skins, and fwells at the end, fending forth a 
lmall Fruit, as big as a fmall Pea , being of the fame 
Color with the Leaf, fappy, or full of a whitilh 
'watery Juice, which afterwards, as the Fruit grows 
ripe, changes yellow, and being broken, has then 
a yellow Pouder, which will color the Fingers 
which touch it. 
IX. The feventh, or Purple Liver-wort, called 
Cork or Archal. It is a kind of Herb or Plant much 
refembitng Liver-wort, of a fad purplijh Color, which 
the poor People in Derbylhire gather, and grinding 
it, make it into a moift Mafs, which they keep in 
Barrels, and therewith they make a kind of Murry 
or purplilh Dye, whieh, tlto’ it will not hold Co- 
lor long in Cloth, but will flarve and change, yet 
it ferves poor People for their Wearing very well. 
X. The Places. The firft and fecond grow in 
moift fhadowy places in Gardens, and other like 
Grounds, and fometimes they are planted in Pots, 
which fet in (hady moift places,thrive very well. The 
third grows upon Stones by Wells and Springs, and 
is found upon Rocks and Stony places, as well near 
unto the Sea, as farther on the Land ; and it is of- 
ten found at the bottoms of high Trees, growing 
upon high Mountains, efpecially ia Ihadowy places. 
The fourth, fifth and fixth grow alfo in the like 
moift Stony and Rocky places. The feventh grows 
in Derbyjhire , on the Mountains there, and is found 
in great plenty. 
XL The Times. They bring forth their Flowers 
for the nioft part in June and July , and are in -j 
flourilhing Condition all the Summer Months. 
XII. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations 
and Virtues, are the fame with thole of the Great 
Liver-wort in the former Chapter, fothat no more 
need be faid thereof in this place. 
CHAP. CCCCLI. 
Of LIVER - WORT Noble, 
0 R, 
Golden TREFOIL. 
yn 
1 - ' | ' H E Karnes. It does not appear that this 
JL Plant was ever known to the Greeks , and 
therefore has no Greek Name tut it is called in 
Latine , Hepatic if Hepatica nobilis , Hepatica aurea , 
Hepatica trjjolia, Hcpaticum tr folium , Hepatica 
Tri/t italic , alfo Herb a Trinit at is ^ (but there is 
nother Plant, which is the proper or true Herb Tri- 
nity viz. Hearts-eafe , of which we have already 
treated in Chap. 346 and 347 aforegoing.) It is alfo 
called Trifolia aurea , T njolium aureum , Tr folium 
nob lie , Trfolia nobilis , and Trinit as * in Englijb , 
Noble Liver-wort , Golden Liver-wort , Noble Tre- 
foil^ and Golden Trefoil, and Hepatica. 
II. The Kinds. There are various forts of this 
Plant, viz. t. Hepatica Jlore cstruleo fmplici major, 
Hcpaticum Trifolium , The great fingle blew Hepa- 
tica, or Noble Liver- wort. 2. Hepatica minor flo- 
re pa lido cxruleo , The fmall blew Noble Liver- 
wort or Hepatica. 3. Hepatica Jlore purpureo , Pur- 
ple Noble Liver-wort. 4. Hepatica Jlore albo mi- 
nor, The lelfer White Hepatica. y. Hepatica alba 
magno jlore. The great White Hepatica. 6 . Hepatica 
albida five argent ea, Afh-coloredNobleLiver-wort,or 
that of a Wild Tanfy-color. 7. Hepatica alba fra - 
minibus rubris. White Hepatica or Noble Liver- 
wort with red Threads. 8. Hepatica flore rubro , 
Hepatica trfolia rubra. Red Noble Liver-wort or 
Hepatica. 9. Hepatica Americana, vel Virginiana i 
The American or Virginian Noble Liver-wort or 
Hepatica. 10. Hepatica Jlore purpureo multiplict 
five pleno, Hepatica multiflora Lobelij , Double^ 
flowered purple Hepatica, or Noble Liver-worn 
11. Hepatica flore c&ruleo pleno, Double-Powered 
blew Noble Liver-wort. 
* 
The Defer iptions ♦ 
III. The firjl, or Great fingle blew Hepatica, of 
Noble Liver-wort. The Roots are. compofcd of a 
Bufli of blackifh Strings or Fibres : from the feveral 
Buttons or Heads whereof the Flowers fpring up, 
blow open, and fometimes Jhed and fall away , before 
any Leaves appear or fpread open. Thefe Flowers 
Hand every one upon their own Foot-ltalks, of the 
fame Height with the Leaves for the moft parr, 
which is much about four Inches high, and fome- 
times a little more, which ufually confift of fix 
Leaves, (but fometimes they have feven or eight) 
of a fair blew Color, with many white- Chives or 
Threads in the middle, ftanding about a middle 
green Umbone or Head, which after the Flowers 
are 
