Chap. 462. Englijb 'Herbs. 
665 
fuch as have had outward or inward Bruiles by falls 
or blows, or any internal Hux of Blood, which it 
effe£tually flops. 
XVII. The Eclegma or EleSuary. Take cboife 
Honey clarified twelve Ounces : Madder Roots in 
very fine Ponder fix Ounces : Roeb Alum in fine 
Ponder three Ounces : mix them and let them fun- 
nier over a gentle hire, till the mixture is of a good 
f cartel color , which being cold fut into a Gully-pot. 
and keep it clofe covered for life. It quickly cures 
all Sores and Ulcers in the Gums, Mouth, Throat 
or Gullet, and Wind-pipe; and eafes the pain and 
ftrengthens a weak Back. It may be taken Morn- 
ing and Night, and feveral times a day, as much 
as a fmall Cheltnut upon a Knives point, letting 
it diftil down the Throat very leifurely ;. and lor 
the pain and weaknefs of the Back, a Spoonful 
of it may be given at a time in a Glafs of 
ltrong Ale, Tent, or Alicant. 
XVIII. The Cataplafm of Roots and Leaves. 
Being beaten and applyed to any part which is 
difcolored with Sunburnings, Tanning, Freckles, 
black and blew Spots, Scurf, Morphew, or any 
other like deformity of the Skin, it cleanfes it, 
and cures all thofe defeedations, * 
XIX. The Louder of the Seed. Taken from 
half a Dram to a Dram with Vinegar and 
Honey , it prevails againft the fwelling and 
hardnefs of the Spleen, opens its obftrutfi- 
ons , and removes Hypochondriack Melanchol- 
ly. , 
XX. The DecocTwn in Wine cf Vuinfcy 
Madder. It drys without biting, and is excell- 
ent againft the Quinfey, being inwardly taken 
twice a day to fix or eight Ounces, and out- 
wardly applyed, both as a Gargarifm , and a Fo- 
mentation. 
XXI. A Ponder and Cataplafm cf the fame. 
A Cataplafm is to be made of the Root and 
Herb green, and to be brought to a Confiftency 
with the Pouder of the Herb or Root, and 
then it is to be applyed to the Neck and 
Throat of fuch as are affefled with a Quinfey, 
renewing it twice or thrice a day, as often 
as it grows to be abfolutely cold. 
CHAP. CCCCLXII. 
Of MADDER Small. 
the Defcriptions. 
III. The firj ?, or Candia Madder with fpiked 
Heads. It has a Root which is fmall ', hard ', woody , 
crooked or f ragged , with many little Strings or 
Threads , red with out , and white with in. which 
always perifhes when the Seed is ripe. From this 
Root fpring up many knotty four fquare rough 
little Stalks, about a foot high, divided immedi- 
ately from the Root into many Branches, having 
but one fide Branch growing forth at one Joint : 
about which Joints grow and Ipread abroad four or 
five, and fometimes fix narrow (hort (harp pointed 
Leaves, fomewhat rough. The tops of the Stalks 
and Branches are nothing but long, fmall, fouriquare 
fpikes or ears, made of three Leaved green husks; 
Out of the Top of each husk grows a very fmall 
greenilh yellow Flower, having four exceeding 
fmall Leaves, fcarcely to be feen: after which 
follows in each husk,one fmall blackifh Seed,fome- 
thing long, round on the one fide, with a dent 
or hollownefs on the other. 
IV. The Jecond , or lmall Creeping Madder 
with purplilh blew Flowers. Its Root is fmall and 
of a reddtjh yellow color , abiding all the Winter 
with green Leaves thereon , and will encreafe 
plentifully from the Seed it Jheds every Tear. 
This fmall Plant creeps upon the Ground, with 
many fmall, fquare, Imooth Branches, much di- 
vided or I'ptead out into other fmaller ones; full 
Joints, and at every of them, five or fix fmall 
round, and very frefh green Leaves, fmooth alfo’ 
or but very little rough. From thefe Joints, and 
roundles of Leaves, as well as from the Tops of 
the Branches, come feveral fmall Flowers, made 
of five, blewifh purple round pointed Leaves 
with fome fmall Threads in the middle. The 
Seed is fmall and long pointed , two for the 
moll part Handing together. 
V. The third, or fmall Rock Madder. Its Root 
is fmall and reddtjh, as all the other forts are. 
This fmallelt Madder grows not much above an 
hand breath high, with a fquare Stalk, fpreading 
fmall Branches from the Joints ; at which grow 
feven or eight fmall long pointed Leaves, even the 
(malleft and narroweft of any before mentioned, 
being fomwhat rough alfo. The Flowers are fmall 
and of a pale red or bluffi color, ftanding in Tufts 
or Umbles at the Tops of the Branches. 
VI. The Places. The firft is a Native of Can- 
dia, but with us grows in Gardens only. The 
fecond grows plentifully in many places of Eng- 
land.. The third grow alfo in many places of 
our Britijh Continent-, as upon the Chalky Hills 
near Drayton , over againft rhe Ifle of Wight. Ic 
grows alfo upon Vincents Rocks not far from 
Brilio/. 
I. 'T' H E Names, It is called in Greeks Ef^- 
X </apcK tAiKpov ; in La tine , Rubia minor , O 
Rubia parva ^ and in Englijh , Small Madder. 
II. The Kinds. There are 1. Rubia fpicata 
Cretica , Clujij , Candia Madder with fpiked Heads. 
■2. Rubia minor pratenfis c&rulca , fmall creeping 
Madder with purplifli blew Flowers. 3. Rubia 
minima Saxatilis , fmall Rock Madder. There 
are about five other Kinds of thefe fmall Field 
or Wild Madders , but not being Natives or 
Inhabitants of our Country , and of little ule 
in Phyfick , we ftiall fay nothing more of them 
here. 
VII. Nota. Label fays this laft very fmall Kind 
has its Leaves of the bignefs of Rupture-Wort 
(harp pointed, and growing after the manner of 
thofe of Madder, upon little creeping Stalks an 
Inch and half high , on which grows yellowifh 
fmall Flowers : and that the Root is fmall and of 
the color of Corall. 
VIII. The Times. They all Flower in the Sum- 
mer Months, as May, June, and July , and their 
Seed is ripe foon after. 
IX- Jbe Vitalities, Preparations , Virtues and 
Ifes, of thefe are all the fame with thofe of the 
Great Madder , in the former Chapter, and there- 
fore 1 reletr you thither : but neither any of thefe 
Q-qqq finaii 
