1 062 Salmons Herbal. Lib. 1 . 
above a foot high, fomewbat firmer , and not fo 
tender , with /mailer leaves , but as Jharp and 
prickly a* the former , which are for the moft 
part whole , and not rent or divided- 
XII. The third, or Our Common Prickly Sow- 
Thifile. Its Root is like to the others. Its Leaves 
are vc>y much cut or torn on the Edges into 
three or four parts , much feparate aj under one 
from another , and /mailer pieces of Leaves fet 
between them , of a whitifh green color like the 
former , and having prickles on the dented Edges 
likewife. The Stalk grows very high fome times, 
alfo rough and prickly, with fuch leaves thereon , 
as are below * branched at the Top , on which 
grow fuch like pale yellow flowers turning into 
down. 
XIII. The fourth, or Cretick Prickly bow- 
Thiftle. Its jirjl Leaves are little or nothing 
divided on the edges, of about an hand breadth 
long or more , but thofc which rife up with the 
Stalk, are very much torn in, into great and 
deep gafhes , fet with fome prickles likewife. 
The Stalk is rough, Jlraked and hollow, half a 
yard high, branched from the middle upwards , 
■with fuch like leaves, fet at the joints, but 
f mailer. At the Tops (land large yellow blow- 
ers, in rough green husks upon long Eootjlalks, 
which convert into down as the other do. 
XIV. The Places. The firft: four grow in Gar- 
dens and Manured Grounds, as alfo in Fallow 
Lands and Fields, and fometimes by Old Walks 
and path fides of Fields, and High ways. The 
fifth and fixth, grow among Willows and Reed, 
and fometimes by Old Walls , and Places of 
Rubbifh, not often frequented, and many times 
in our Gardens. The Prickly Sow-Thiftle grow 
in unmanured as well as in manured Soils, alfo in 
Palfures, Medows, Woods, Ditch fides, and moift 
Grounds, in Orchards alfo and Gardens, where 
the Leaves are ufually leffer, and lelfer divided, 
than in the rough and unmanured Grounds. The 
laft grows naturally in Candy , and as I am 
informed has alfo been found growing in Eng- 
land, in feveral places. 
XV. The Times. The firft four Smooth ones 
flower quickly after they are fprung up, for 
it is late before they rife out of the Ground, and 
continue flowering till Auguft. The Tree or 
Great Sow-Thiftles flower in July and Auguft. 
The Prickly kinds flower and (bed their Seed 
from the middle of June all the Summer long, 
and fometimes even to the end of Auguft. 
XVI. 1 he Qualities. They are cold and dry 
in the firft degree, Anodyn, Deobftru&ive, and 
Diuretick, Pulmonick, Stomatick, Nephritick and 
Uterine. 
XVII. The Specification. They cure Naufeouf- 
nels at Stomach, and want of Appetite, Ob- 
Itruttions of the Lungs, fhortnefs of Breath, and 
difficulty of breathing, help a Stinking Breath, 
provoke Urine, and are profitable againtt Stone, 
Gravel, Sand, or Tartarous matter in the Reins, 
Ureters and Bladder, caufing the Strangury* fa- 
cilitate the Birth, and caufe fpeedy and. eafie De- 
livery to Women in Travel, eafe pain in the 
Ears, help the Hemorrhoids or Piles, take a- 
way Warts, and by a Cofmetick property cleanfe 
the Skin from molt defeedations ufually attending it. 
XVIII. The Preparations. You may make 
therefrom. 1. A Liquid Juice or Ejfence. 2. A 
Decotlion of the herb in Wine or Water. 3. 
An Otalgick. 4. A Cataplafn. 5. A Diftilled 
Water . 
The Virtues. 
XIX. The Juice or Ejfence. The Milk or 
Juice taken from the Roots or Stalks, toe. helps 
fuch as are fhort Winded, and have a Wheez- 
ing withall. Erafiftratus (as Pliny fays) did 
therewith caufe the Stone and Gravel to be 
voided by Urine, and that the eating of the 
Herb is profitable againft a Stinking Breath. The 
Juice taken to the quantity of three Spoonfuls 
in a Glafs of White Wine warmed (putting a 
little Oil Olive thereto) caufes fpeedy and eafie 
delivery to Women in Labor, and will make 
them to Walk prefently after. The faid Juice 
taken in Warm drink, or White Port Wine helps 
the Strangury, or Pilling by drops, and eafes the 
pain in making Water. 
XX. The Decotlion in Wine or Water. It has 
the Virtues of the Juice or Effence, but not al- 
together fo powerful, and therefore may be taken 
to half a Pint at a time, given to Nurfes it caufes 
them to have abundance of Milk, prevents their 
Milk curdling in their Breafts, and makes their 
Children healthy and well colored in the Face. 
XXI. The Otalgick. It is made of the Juica 
mixt with a quarter part of Oil of bitter Al- 
monds beaten together, and heat in the Peel or 
Shell of a Pomegranate. This being dropt into 
the Ears , is faid to be a lure Remedy for 
Deafnefs, Noife, Ringing, and other Difeafes of 
the Ears. 
XXII. The Cataplafn of the Herb &c. The 
Herb bruifed and bound upon Warts, is faid 
quickly to take them away * and applied, (or 
the Juice of the Herb) to hot Inflamations of 
the Eyes, jar other parts, as alfo to Puftules, 
Wheals, and other erruptions of the Skin, pro- 
ceeding from heat, as alfo in the heat and 
pricking or Itching of the Hemorrhoids or Piles, and 
heat and fharpnefs of Humors happening in the Se- 
cret parts of Man or Woman, it gives eafe in all 
thefe cafes, allays the heat or Intfamation, alle- 
viates the pain, difeuffes the Tumor, and pre- 
vents farther mifehief. 
XXIII. The Diftilled Water. It is not only 
effe&ual for all the Difeafes aforefaid , to be 
taken inwardly a quarter of a Pint or more at 
a time, dulcified with a little white Sugar * but 
it is that which the molt Nice Stomach will not re- 
fufe. Outwardly applied with Cloths or Spunge * 
wetted or dipt therein , it cools Inflamations, 
and abates the fiery heat of an Eryfipelas or 
Anthonies Fire. And it is faid to be wonder- 
fully good for Women to Wafh their Faces and 
Skins with, becaufe it clears them of any defeedation 
or defilement, and adds a Luftre or Beauty thereto. 
CHAP DCXLV. 
Of SPEAR-WORT: 
0 K, 
BANE - WORT. 
I. *JThE Names. It has no Greek Name that 
A we know of : but it is called in Latirie, 
Plammula and Ranunculus Flammeus: in Englifh, 
Spearwort, and Banewort, becaufe it is faid to 
rot 
