1072 Salmon/ 'Herbal Lib. I. 
fennel. In in form and mmnck of growing it 
it fomething like unto the true or former kind , 
y 7 more like unto Dill with longer uni thicker 
J. r iver : the Stalks rife as high as that with white 
Umbels of Flowers, and larger Seed on them. T he 
whole Plant and every part thereof is of a more 
lining firtr/l and tafte than the firfti, and the Stalks 
t , then nfr l-oes out like the former. 
V. The third, or German or Mountain Spig- 
ntl. hs Root is of about a fingers length , co- 
vered with a rougher rugged blackijh bark, and but 
few Fibres adjoining to it, with a bujb of hair at 
the Top, of a flrong fharp fmcll like to the fir H or 
Common Spignel , but much weaker. It has but few 
Stills of Winged Leaves rifing from the Root , but 
they are fomething broader than the Leaves of the 
fir'd or Common Spignel and Jhorter , being a mean 
'between them and C arum or Caraway. Prom among 
/- rifet up a (lender fir obi Stalk a Foot high , 
bare of Loaves for the mofi part up to the Top , 
where grow two or three f mall Umbels of Purplifh 
flowers , confining of fine f mall Leaves apiece, bcar- 
' ing Seed afterward fomething long and pretty large, 
with refpefl 10 the former. 
VI. The Places. The firft grows Wild in many 
Places in the Northern parrs ot' England, as Lan- 
cafhire , Torkjhire, &c. hut is Planted almoft every 
Where in Gardens. The fecond grows Wild in Italy, 
bur with us only in Gardens. The third is Paid 
by fome Authors to be growing Wild in England-, 
it grows Wild in Germany , and on the Alps and 
other Mountains, but with us is for the moft part 
a Nuriery. The two firft I have found growing in 
South Carolina up Cooper River , by a Pathway 
leading to Copt. 1 untins ’ s Plantation, from a right 
hand branch ot the laid River, where (when I was 
there ; thev grew Wild and in vaft plenty. 
VII. The Times. They blower in June and 
July, and perlett their Seed in Augujl. 
VIII. The Qualities. The Roots of the true 
Spignel are faid to be hot in the third degree and 
dry in the fecond. Aperitive, Diuretidc, Stoma- 
tick, Hepatick, Nephritick, Hyfterick, and Alexi- 
pharmick. 
IX. The Specification. Spignel refills poifon, 
and the bitings of Venomous Creatures, provokes 
Urine and the Courfes, cafes pains in the Reins, 
Womb, and Bladder, is profitable againil the Stran- 
gury and all Stoppages ot Urine,expels Wind out of 
the S omach and Bowels; is good alio againil Ca- 
tarrhs, Rhum itifnas, Arthritick pains, and Colick 
pains of the Stomach and Bowels, Vapors, Hy- 
fterick Fits and the like. The Root is only ufed 
wilh us, but the Seed is very Aromatick, and has 
the fame Virtues. 
X. The Preparations. You may have there- 
from, 1. A DecoQion or lnfufwn of the Roots or 
Seed \n Wine or Water. 1. A Pouder of the Roots 
or Seed, winch is an Ingredient in Mithridate and 
Venioe-Treacle. 
T he Virtues. 
XI. The DecoQion or lnfufion of the Roots or Seed 
in Wine or ' ter. Taken morning, noon, and 
night, to the (Quantity of half a Pint, it gives eafe 
in the Strangury, helps all forts of Stoppage of 
the Urne, and provokes the Terms in Women 
when ftopt ; it eales a! lb pains in the Reins, Womb, 
ana Bladder, opens Obllru&ions of the Stomach, 
in er, and Spleen, gives eale in the Colick, and 
other like pains of the Stomach and Bowels, re- 
prelTes Vapors, and gives relief in Fits of the Mo- 
ther, as alfo in Catarrhs, Rheumatifms and the 
like. It is an Antidote againil Poifon, as alfo a- 
gainll the bitings or Stinging ot Vipets, Mad Dogs, 
Scorpions, Hornets, and other Venomous Crea- 
tures. 
XII. The Pouder of the Root or Seed. It may 
be given to a Dram morning and evening, againil 
all the aforenamed Diltempers ; in any proper Ve- 
hicle. Or it may be made into a Lohoch with ho- 
my, and fo taken : and then it is proper to open 
ObltruQions of the Stomach and Lungs, cut tough 
liegm and expeftorate it, and to dry up Catarths 
afiefting thofe parts. 
CHAP. DCLI. 
Of S P I N A G E. 
I. f ~T*HE Names. It is called by the latter Gre- 
X cians £ -m.vtf.yj a. : in' Latine, Spanachia 
( it rat it ate in ufu medico ) but by moft Spinachia , 
O/us Hifpanicum Tragi, (fuppofing it a Pot-herb 
which firft came from Spain : ) and in Englifh, 
Spinage or Spinach. 
11 . The Kinds. Some Authors will have it to 
be a Species of the Ar aches others of the Beets-, 
others again of the Elites ; but I think it has no 
Relation to any of thefe Plants, but is a particular 
kind of its own. Some make four Species of this 
Herb, accounting that u hich bears no Seed to be 
One, which is indeed hut accidental, as it hap- 
pens feveral times to divers other Plants, as 
Hemp , Herb Mercury , _ 8tc. There are indeed 
three forts hereof, viz. i. Spinachia femine 
aculeato minor , The lefler Spinage with prick- 
ly Seed, which is our Common Spinage. 2. Spi- 
nachia femine aculeato major , The greater prick- 
ly Seeded Spinage, which is alfo Common to be 
had. 3. Spinachia femine non aculeato, Spinachia 
femine Lceve, Smooth Seeded Spinage, which is a 
more rare kind, and Nurft np but in a few Gardens. 
T he Descriptions . 
III. The firft or lefler Spinage with Prickly Seed 
which is (as before is faid) Our Common Spinage. 
Its Root is long , white and jmall with many Fibres 
adjoining to it. It has long green Leaves , broad at 
the Stalk , and rent or torn as it were into jour 
Corners , and Jharp pointed at the ends. It quickly 
runs up to Stalk , if it is Sown in the Spring time : 
but cljc , if Sown at the end of the Summer , it will 
abide all the winter green , and then fuddenly in 
the very beginning of the Spring run up to Stalk , 
bearing many Leaves both below , and at the Top , 
where there does appear many [mail green ijh flowers 
in Clufters , and after them a jmall prickly Seed. If 
it be after cut , it will grow the thicker , or elfe 
Spindle up very jmall , and with but few Leaves 
upon the Stalk. 
IV. G?rtfft/|delcribes it thus. Its Root confifis of 
?nany Threads , from which Spring forth foft and 
tender 
