ioBo Salmon j- Herbal* Lib. I. 
of its own Sowing. It Jhoots forth round about 
the Root , many fmall weak reddifh upright branches , 
with J mal l Leaves fct by Couples for the mofl part , 
fomcwhat like to the Leaves of the Sun Spurge at 
Se£t VL following, but rounder pointed , and / mall - 
er, of a grayifh green color on the upper fide-, and 
a little reddifh or purplifh underneath , which will 
oftentimes change to be wholly Purple , in the Sum- 
mer time. The flowers are very J mall and yellow, 
funding more round or clofe together, as it were 
in an Umbel, otherwife like unto the ref. The 
Seed is very fmall and contained alfo in a kind of 
Triangular heads. There is another fort of this 
with red flowers. 
IV. Thefecond, or fmall Efula, or Pine Spurge, 
(which is thought to be Rulandus his Efula.) Its 
Root is fmall and long, of the bignefs of ones 
finger, fome thing blackifh on the out fide, but white 
within , and abiding many years -, yet the Extre- 
mity of Winter does fome times rot it, and caufe it 
to per ifh. ' The Root of this Efula, is accounted 
by the mofl learned Phyfcians to be the true Efula 
minor and that out of which the Extra&um Efulz 
Kulandi is to be made. This fmall Spurge has 
divers weak and flender Stalks, half a yard high, 
on which grow many fmall, long, and narrow point- 
ed Leaves without order , round about them, very 
like unto the Leaves of Toad-Flax -, at the Tops of 
the Stalks grozo yellow flowers, fometimes dafht o- 
ver with Purple, like fome of the other Spurges, 
but leffer, and growing in the like Cups : which 
falling away, the Seed comes after, which is fmall 
and reund and contained in Triangular heads or 
husks. 
V. The third, or Our Common Cyprefs Spurge. 
The Root of this is very like ‘ the Jecond kind juft 
before dejeribed, infomuch that many have mifla- 
ken it, for the true Efula minor out of which the 
Ext rail ought to be made. And have ufed it in- 
ficad thereof. But this Cyprefs Spurge is fo like 
to that Pine Spurge, that it has deceived many, 
who have not carefully view'd it, and obferUd the 
differences : for this has alfo fcveral flender 
brownifh Stalks, on. which grow fmall narrow 
Leaves, but fdmething fhorter and thicker than 
thofe former, and thicker fct upon the Stalks. And 
in its Flowers and Seed, it is like the fame alfo. 
VI. The fourth, or Sun Spurge. Its Root is 
fmall and Thrcddy, perifhing every year after Seed 
time, and rifing again of its own Sowing. It has 
for the mofl part but one reddifh Stalk, half a yard 
high, bare of leaves at the bottom, almofl half way 
■upwards, and then fpr coding it felf into two or 
three fmall Branches , on which grow Sparfedly di- 
vers ycllowifh green Leaves, f mailer at the bottom, 
and broader at the ends, fomething like unto Pur- 
flane Leaves. The flowers are yellow like unto 
the refl, J landing in hollozo Cups of two Leaves a- 
piece, the Stalk running through them , as is to be 
fecn in mofl: of the others. The whole Top or head 
of flowers is faid to turn with the Sun, ( whence 
the. Name Tithymalus Heliofcopius five Solife- 
quius.) The Seed is fmall and round, contained 
in like Triangular heads as the former. 
VII. The fifth; or Dwarf Efula, or fmall An- 
nual Spurge. Its Root is fmall, long, hard, and 
Woody , perifhing every year, as foon as it has gi- 
ven its Seed. It has many fmall flender weak 
Stalks about two handfuls high, bufhing forth into 
many Branches , and fpreading far upon the 
Ground: on which grow very fmall, long, and 
narrow Leaves, ftanding upright, and which grow 
pretty thick thereon, which oftentimes are not 
/harp but flat pointed -, the upper mofl whereof are 
(omc what broad at the bottom ; and compafs about 
mofl part. The flowers are yellow like unto the 
others, and very fmall, after which come Triangu- 
lar heads, which arc fmall and contain fmall round 
grayifh Seed, not much bigger than Poppy Seed. 
. VIII .1 he Places. Thcfrfl grows in Vinevards 
in trance, as alio in Ditches and borders of Fields 
Gerard fays, it grows in Salt Marines near the Sea 
as in the ljle of Thanet by the Sea fide, between 
Reculvers and Margate, in great Plenty, it alfo 
grows in many of Our Gardens. The Jecond and 
third grow in fome places in Germany and. France. 
both by Rivers fides and borders of Fields but 
with us only in Gardens. The fourth, grows ’wild 
with us in many places, Gerard fays, it grows in 
barren and nvafte grounds, and in earable Land, 
jlmoft every where. The fifth grows in many 
Chalky grounds in dry hilly places, as alfo in our 
Cornfields. 
IX. 7 he Times. The third kind commonly 
flowers in May ; all the others in June July 
and Auguft, and their Seeds are ripe in the months 
following. 
X. The Qualities. Efula is hot and dry in the 
fourth degree; Inflaming, Catheretick, ftrongly 
hmetick and Cathartick ; of thefe the fecond kind 
is chiefly ufed. 
XI. The Specification. The Seed and Root are 
chieny in ufe with us, and are good to evacuate 
Vilcous humors of all kinds, and Cure the cold 
Scurvy, Dropfy, Jaundice, Evil, Rhuematifm 
Sciatica, and Gout. The Milky juice has all the 
Properties but much more violent. 
XII. The Preparations. There are of Ufe i 
The whole Seed. 2. A Decoaion of the fame in 
Fat Broth. 3. The Root prepared. 4. The Milk 
or Juice. 5. Pills of Efula. 6 . A DJiilled wa- 
ter of the whole Plant, -j. A P 0 „der of the Seed 
and Leaves. 8. An ExtraU. 
The Virtues. 
1 ~^ e w ^° le Sard. They may be given 
build from 3 to 8 (tho’ Diofcorides fays they 
may be taken to a dram, which is too large a 
Dofe by much for our Englifh Conftitutions) a- 
garnft the Scurvy, Dropfy, Sciatica, Gout, Rheu- 
maulm, pam in the Stomach, and Hypochon- 
driack Melancholy, they both Vomit and Purse 
briskly and expel Water, Flegm, Melancholy 
Choler, and other Vifcous humors and Tartarous 
matter from all parts of the Body. 
XIV. The Decoaion of Seed or Leaves in Fat 
Broth. By Bathing with it, it cures the Stingings 
or Bitings of Scorpions, Hornets, Serpents, and 
other Venomous Creatures, and purges ftrongly 
downwards Choller and Fiegm, eafes the pains 
and takes away the hardnefs of the Belly and 
dwelling of the Breafts. And is Angular againft 
the Dropfy, Sciatica, Rheumaiifm and Gout be- 
ing taken every other morning inwardly. ’ 
• XV ; V )e Koot pnptred. It is done by bruifing 
lr, and fteepmg it in Vinegar, and fo reducing it 
to pouder. Diofcorides fays, it may be given to 
2 Drams: but I am fatisfied that given from half 
a Dram to a Dram, according to Age and Strength 
may be a fuffictem quantity: it may be given in 
Mead or Honied Water, for all the purpofes afore 
XV I. The Milk or Juice. It is dangerous to be 
taken inwardly : but outwardly, it is good againft 
the bringing of Scorpions and Hornets, the Bit- 
ings of Serpents, Mad Dogs, Etc. and applied to 
Warts, 
