ii54 Salmon s 'Herbal . Lib. 1. 
T he Dcfcriptions. 
III. The firft, or leffer Throat- Wort or Canter- 
bury-Bells. The Root is la fling, /booting up a frefh 
every Tear. It has f mailer Leaves , and nothing Jo 
broad as the great Kind , but long , and little or no- 
thing dented about the edges. The St alks ar c fquare. , 
and br-ownifh if it bears purple Flowers, but green 
if it bears white Flowers, which in Form are alike , 
and grow in a Bufh or Tuft thick Jet together , 
more than any of the others, and f mailer aljo, being 
not much bigger than the Flowers of the Field or 
Garden Rampions. 
IV. The fecond, qr greater Throat- Wort, or 
Canterbury - Bells. Its Root is hard and white, 
fpreading it felf out into many Branches under 
Ground, not perifhing every Tear (the? it loofes all 
its Leaves in Winter) but abiding many Tears, and 
increafing into Jeveral Heads or Knobs, from whence 
fpring up new Leaves and Branches. It has many 
large and rough Leaves, fomething like unto Nettie 
Leaves, being broad and round at the bottom, and 
pointed at the end, and notched or dented on the 
edges , every one f landing on a large Foot [talk. From 
among thefe Leaves rife up divers fquare rough 
Stalks, divided at the top into Jeveral Branches, on 
which grow the like Leaves as at bottom, but / offer -, 
towards the ends of the Branches ft and the Flowers 
intermixed with Jome longer Heads, every one in 
its Jeveral Husk, which arc hollow, long and round, 
like a Bell or Cup, wide open at the Mouth, and 
cut at the Brim into five Corners or Divifions, Jome - 
what leffer than the Coventry Bells, in Chap. LXIV. 
Sell. V. aforegoing', which in Jome VI ants are of a 
pure white, in Jome whitifh, and in others of a 
fair, deep. Purple color, and in other Jome paler. 
After the l lowers are pajft, come frailer and rounder 
Heads than in the Coventry -Bells, containing flat 
Seed, but blacker, and not fo red as thofe. 
V. The third, or greater Throat- Wort, or Can- 
terbury-Bells. Its Root is like the /aft beforegoing , 
nor does it differ in any thing therefrom , but in the 
duplicity of its Flower and there is of both white 
and Purple Kinds , a double Flower'd Species, which 
have cl able white Flowers, and double Purple or 
Blew. 
VI. The fourth, or greater Dutch Throat-Wort. 
Its Root is pretty large, fpreading under Ground , 
and has many Fibres adjoining. It rifts up with fe- 
ver al Branches or Stalks, which are tall, great and 
hairy , with Jeveral Leaves Jet thereon at dijlances, 
Jome times fingly, and fometimes two together upon 
fhort Foot ft alks, , which are pretty long, broadifh at 
bottom, and Jo growing gradually to a fharp Point, 
and are notched like a Saw on the edges, not much 
unlike thofe of the greater Throat- Wort at Se£l. IV. 
above, Jiving that thefe are much greater both in 
the l eaves and Stalks. The Flowers are of a Pur- 
plifh blew color , and almoft a s large as thofe of the 
Coventry- Bells ; In all other particulars it agrees 
with the farmer greater Kind. 
VII. The fifth, or Giants Throat-Wort, or Can- 
terbury-Bells. Its Root is great, thick and white , 
not perifhing Annually, but abiding many Tears. 
This tho ’ it has a Gigantine Name, yet fcarcely ever 
grows higher than the fecond fort aforegoing. Its 
Leaves are not fo rough, but as large, and dented 
about the edges, fomewhat larger pointed, and of a 
frefher green color. The Stalks bear fuch like 
Leaves on them , more thinly or dfperfedly Jet, ha- 
ving a Flower at the bottom of every Leaf from the 
middle upwards , being fomewhat like the great 
Throat- Wort in Form , but of a pale or bleak reddifh 
purple color, turning their Brims or Corners a lit- 
tle backward, with a Forked Clapper in the middle, 
which is eminent and yellow. The Seed is white 
and plentiful in the Heads, which will abide all the 
Winter upon the Stalks , until all the Seed being 
fed, the Heads remaining feem like torn Rags or 
thin pieces of Skin eaten with Worms. There is 
another of this Species , but it differs in nothing from 
this now Defcribed , but in us Flower, which is 
White. 
VIII. Thefixtb, or late Flowering Throat- Wort 
or Canterbury Bells. Its Root is thick and bufhy 
its lower Leaves are Downy, dark, green , and pret - 
ty f oft in handling, broad at bottom and Jrn all, and 
fharp at the point , unevenly waved or notched about 
the edges. The Stalk rifes up to be about 3 Feet 
high, being J oft, and aim a 
Jpread out into Jome Branches at the top, bearing 
many Bell-fafhioned Flowers , like the firft greater 
fort (at Sea. IV.) but f mailer , and of a pale blezv- 
i/h or purpljfh Aft) color, which by reafon of their 
late Flowering, gave cccafion for the Name. 
IX. The fevenrh, or rich Crimfon Throat- Wort 
of America, or Cardinals Flower. This brave 
Plant has a white Root , which fpreads it felf divers 
ways under Ground, and fejids forth many green 
Leaves , which are Jpread round about the head 
thereof, each of which is fomething broad and long, 
pointed at the end \ and finely f nipt about the edges, 
from the midft of which rifes up a round hollow Stalk 
two Feet high at leaf, befet with divers fuch Leaves 
as grow below, but longer below than above, and 
fpreading it felf out at top abundantly, every Branch 
bearing divers green Leaves on them, undone at the 
foot of every one of them alfo , the tops whereof do 
end m a very large Tuft of Flowers, with a [mail 
green Leaf at the foot of the Stalk of every ; 'low- 
er, each Foot folk being about an Inch long, bearing 
a round green husk , divided into five long Leaves or 
Taints turned downwards -, and in the midft of every 
one of them, a moft Rich Crimfon coloured Flower, 
ending in five long narrow Leaves, ftanding all of 
them fore-right , but 3 of them falling down, with 
a long Umbcne or Point le, fet as it were at their 
back, bigger below, and J, mailer above, with a fmall 
Head at lop, being of a little paler color than the 
Flower , but of no Smell at all-, admirable only for 
the fo great a Bufh of Orient red Crimfon f lowers. 
The Seed is inclofed in fmall Heads, within 'thole 
green husks which held the Flowers, which is very 
like to the Seed Veffe/s of the Coventry -Bells, and 
is fmall, and of a brownifh color. 
X. The Places. The firlt has been found grow- 
ing in the Meadow next to Dittoes Ferry, as you 
go to Wind) or-, upon the Chalky Hills near Green- 
hitb'm Kent-, and in a Field by the Highway, go- 
ing from thence t o Dart ford in Henningbam-Park 
in Effex • and in Sion- Meadow near Brainford, not 
far from London. The fecond grows plentifully in 
Woods and Hedge-rows in Kent, about Canterbury 
Sittingbourn , Gravefend , Southfleet and Grccn- 
hith-, efpeciaily under Cobham Park- Hall, leading 
from Southfleet to Rocbeflcr -, at El thaw, about the 
Park not far from Greenwich, and in moft Palfures 
about Watford and Bufl.y, and parts adjacent to 
them. The third grows in Gardens. The fourth 
grows in Holland ar.d Flanders, and feveral p;:.., 
of England. The fifth grows plentifully { 
upon rhe Banks of the River Uufe in TorkA'ire 
and other places. The fixth fometimes Wild, but 
moftly in Gardens. The feventh grows near rhe 
River Canada , and in fome parts of New-England 
and other parts of America - but in a word, all 
thefe feveral Species are Nurft up in many of our 
Gardens here in Great-Bntain. 
XI. Tht 
