> 154 - Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Li b. 2 . 
Creator in his fecretwifedome did ordaine thofe fnrrowes, enen from the extreme point of the 
leafe to the ground where it is faftned to the root, for no other purpofe but to guide and leade that 
water which fells faroff,vnto the root; knowing that without fitch ftore of water the whole plant 
would wither, and the fruit pine away and come to nothing. 
The Time. 
They are planted for the mod part about the Kalends of Nouember, or fomewhat Cooner. The 
plant mull: be fet and dunged with good ftore of allies, for that kinde of dung is thought beft for 
planting thereof. Euery yeare the Hips muftbetorne or flipped off from the body ofthe root and 
thefe are to be fet in April!, which will beare fruit about Auguft following, as Columella, Palladius, 
and common experience teacheth . 
«[ The Names . 
The Artichoke is called in Latine Cinara, of Cinis, A flies, wherewith it Ioueth to be dunged. 
Calen c.illeth it in Greeke &>*«, but with k and v in the firft fyllable : of fome it is called Caclos ■ it 
is named in Italian, Carctoffi,Archiocchi . in Spanifli, Jlcarrhofa : in Eng!ifli,Artichoke:in French 
Artichaux . in low-Dutch, aittECljOfeen J whereupon diners call it in Latine \~Articocalus, and Arti. 
coca : in high-Dutcfe^SttObflDOjn. 
The other is named in Latine commonly not onely Spinofa cinarapi prickly Artichoke, but alfo 
of Palladius, Car duns : ofthe Italians, Cardo, and Car dino : ofthe Spaniards, Cardos : ol the French 
men, Chardons : Leonhartus Fuchfius and mod writers take it to be Scolyrnus Diofcoridisfimt Scolyrnus 
piofeoridu hath the leafe ol Chameleon or Spina alba, with a ftalke full ofleaues, and a prickly head : 
but neither is Cinara the Artichoke which is without prickles, nor the Artichok with prickles any 
fuch kinde of herbe ; for though the head hath prickles, yet the ftalke is not full of Ieaues, but is 
many times without Ieaues, or elfehath not paftaleafe or two. Cinara doth better a<Jree with 
that which T heophrafius and Pliny callow, Cacius, and yet it doth not bring forth ftafkes from 
the root creeping alongft the ground: it hath broad Ieaues fetwith prickles; the middle ribs of 
the Ieaues, the skin pilled off, are good to be eaten, and likevvife the fruit, the feed and down taken 
away ; and that which is vnder is as tender as the braine of the Date tree : which things T heophra- 
fius and Pliny report of Cacius. That which they write ofthe ftalkes, fent forth immediately from 
the root vpon the ground, which are good to be eaten, is peraduenture the ribs ofthe Ieaues -euerie 
fide taken away(as they be ferued vp at the table)may be like a ftalke,except euen in Sicilia, where 
they grew only in T heophrafius time. It bringeth forth both certaine ftalks that lie on the ground, 
and another alfo {landing ftraightvp; but afterwards being remoued and brought into Italy or 
England, it bringeth forth no more but one vpright : for the foile and clyme do ''much preuaile in 
altering of plants, as not onely T heophrafius teacheth, but alfo euen experience it felfe declareth : 
and of Cactus, 7 heophrafius writeth thus ; k.™, ( Callus ) groweth onely in Sicilia : it bringeth forth 
prefently from the root ftalkes lying along vpon the ground, with a broad and prickly leafe : the 
ftalkes being pilled are fit to be eaten, being fomewjiat bitter, which maybe preferued in brine : 
it bringeth forth alfo another ftalke, which is likewife good to be eaten. 
The Temperature andvertues. 
A The nailes, that is, the white and thicke parts which are in the bottome ofthe outward feales ot 
flakes of the fruit of the Artichoke, and alfo the middle pulpe whereon the downy feed ftands are 
eaten both raw with pepper and lair, and commonly boy led with the broth of fat flefh, with pep- 
per added, and are accounted a dainty difh, being plealant to the talk, and good to procure bodi- 
ly lull : fo likewife the middle ribs ofthe Ieaues being made white and tender by good cherifhing 
and looking to, arebroughtto the tableasa great feruice together with other junkets : they are 
eaten with pepper and felt as be the raw Artichokes : yet both of them are of ill luyce ; for the Ar- 
tichoke containeth plenty ofcholerickeiuyce, and hath anhard fubftance, infomuch as of this is 
mgendred melancholy iuyee, and of that a thin and cholerick bloud, as Galen teacheth in his book 
ofthe Faculties of nourifhments. But it is beft to eate the Artichoke boyled : theribbes ofthe 
Ieaues are altogether of an hard fubftance ; they yeeld to the body a raw and melancholy iuice.and 
containe in them great ftore ofwinde. 
B It ftayeth the inuoluntarie courfe ofthe natural! feed either in man or woman. 
C Some write, that if the buds ofyong Artichokes be firft fteeped in wine, and eatemthey prouokc 
vnne,and ftir vp the lu ft of the body. 
D I finde moreouer.that the root is good againft the rankefmellof the arme-holes, if when the 
pith is taken away the feme root be boyled in wine and drunke : for it fendeth forth plenty of flan- 
king vrine, whereby the ranke and rammifh fauor of the whole body is much amended. 
Chap. 
