180 
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES 
Cod out across the western end of Georges Bank, with frequencies of from less than 
10 to nearly 3,000 specimens per square meter, averaging 3 per cent of the copepods 
taken in these vertical hauls. In the year 1915 it was not detected anywhere in the 
gulf in May or during the first three weeks of June, though vertical hauls were made 
at 20 stations during that period, but on June 26 (station 20099) it was taken at the 
rate of 430 per square meter in the western basin, and it figures in the lists (p. 298) for 
two August stations. In September it occurred in all the vertical hauls in the coastal 
zone from Cape Cod northward and eastward toward the mouth of the Bay of Fundy, 
as well as on German Bank (80 per cent of all the stations for the month), averaging 
4,490 per square meter where the vertical net took it. 
During the first half of October, 1915, it continued universal along the coastal 
zone from off Cape Cod to the neighborhood of Mount Desert Island (six stations), 
varying in abundance from 1,140 to 14,225 per square meter (average about 5,600). 
It also occurred in two out of three vertical hauls over the shelf south of Marthas 
Vineyard on the 22d (stations 10332 and 10333), frequencies of about 6,000 and 
4,000 square meters. By the last week of the month it seems that it had vanished 
from the Massachusetts Bay region, for not a single specimen was detected at 
four stations there; but this can not be interpreted as a regular seasonal change, 
because it was taken at all the stations within 15 to 20 miles of land, from off Cape 
Cod to the mouth of the Bay of Fundy during December, 1920, and January, 1921, 
averaging about 5.5 per cent of the copepods and 10 to 15 per cent of the extremely 
sparse community at the mouth of Massachusetts Bay and off the Isles of Shoals 
(stations 10489 and 10493), though not found at any of the four stations farther 
out in the basin. 
It is not clear from the data just outlined whether A. longiremis has two sea- 
sonal maxima in the gulf, one in late spring, another (much more pronounced) in 
early autumn, separated by a period of a month or more during which it nearly 
or quite disappears, as the records for the two years 1915 and 1920 suggest; or 
whether it followed different seasonal cycles during the two years, multiplying from 
April on in 1920, but not appearing at all until June in 1915. In either case it 
clearly attains its maximum abundance in the gulf during the warm half of the year. 
It is never more than a minor factor in the plankton except when all other species 
of copepods are very scarce, and never occurs in numbers that would be called large 
for other more important copepods, 14,265 per square meter being the highest 
frequency yet recorded for it east or north of Nantucket. A. longiremis, like A. 
clausi, contracts its range to the shoaler waters of the gulf during the cold half of the 
year, including the offshore banks as well as the coastal zone. When its numbers 
increase, its area of occurrence spreads out over the deep basin of the gulf, but we 
have not taken it outside the continental edge. 
That A. longiremis is endemic in the gulf is proved by the presence of numerous 
juveniles, together with adults, at the one August station already mentioned (p. 
177). This, however, does not forbid the possibility that its numbers are recruited 
by immigration as well as by local propagation. On the average, A. longiremis 
was relatively more important in the catches at the surface than in the vertical 
hauls in March and April, though not in May, as appears in the following table of 
its percentage in 1920, counting only the stations at which it occurred: 
