512 
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES 
Salinity 
General summary 
Detailed account of salinity 
February and March 
Surface 
Vertical distribution 
40 meters 
100 meters 
150 meters and deeper 
Profiles — 
Limits of water more saline than 34 
per mille 
Bottom 
Annual variations in salinity in 
March 
Vernal freshening , 
Vertical distribution of salinity in 
April — 
Salinity below the surface in April 
Annual variations in the salinity of the 
bottom water in April 
May 
Surface 
Below the surface 
June 
July and August 
Surface 
Annual variations in surface salinity 
in summer 
Vertical distribution 
General distribution of salinity below 
the surface 
Autumn and early winter 
Midwinter 
Summaries of salinity for representa- 
tive localities 
Bay of Fundy 
Massachusetts Bay region 
Offing of the Merrimack River 
Near Mount Desert Island 
German Bank 
Western side of the basin 
Annual survey of salinity on the bot- 
tom 
Alkalinity _■ 
Visual transparency 
Color 
Sources from which the Gulf of Maine re- 
ceives its waters 
Superficial stratum 
Nova Scotian current 
Tropic water - 
Coastal water from the west 
River water 
Rainfall and evaporation 
Page 
Sources from which the Gulf of Maine re- 
ceives its waters — Continued. 
Deep stratum 842 
Slope water 842 
Abyssal upwellings 852 
Recapitulation 854 
Circulation in the Gulf of Maine 855 
Tidal currents 855 
Dominant or nontidal drift 857 
Measurements of currents 857 
Summary 866 
Experiments with drift bottles 867 
Bay of Fundy 868 
Gulf of Maine 871 
Drift-bottle record 871 
General discussion of the recoveries. 879 
Southwestern series 879 
Recoveries from Cape Ann and 
Massachusetts Bay lines 887 
Drifts of bottles set out north of 
Cape Ann and off Cape Eliza- 
beth.. 895 
Line off Mount Desert, August, 
1923 902 
Bottles put out off western Nova 
Scotia 908 
Drifts of bottles entering the gulf 
from the eastward 908 
Circulation of superficial stratum, as 
indicated by salinity 910 
Circulation of the superficial stratum, 
as indicated by temperature 918 
Circulation in the deep strata, as indi- 
cated by temperature and salinity. 921 
Circulation as indicated by the plank- 
ton 923 
Vertical stability, as affecting the cir- 
culation of the gulf 924 
Dynamic evidences of circulation 930 
Construction of dynamic charts 930 
Dynamic contours and gradient cur- 
rents 936 
February and March 936 
April 942 
May 944 
June 948 
July and August 953 
Autumn and winter 962 
Wind currents 962 
Horizontal tidal oscillations as deflected 
by the earth’s rotation 970 
Summary of the horizontal, nontidal 
circulation of the Gulf of Maine. . 972 
Tables of temperature, salinity, and den- 
sity 976 
Standards of accuracy 976 
I Bibliography 1015 
Pagfi 
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733 
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799 
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