516 
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES 
shelf eastward along Nova Scotia to Halifax in the summer of 1914 (stations 10213 
to 10264, p. 985; Bigelow, 1914b, 1917). Temperatures and water samples (density 
of the latter determined by hydrometer) were taken at many localities in the Bay of 
Fundy region that summer and the following winter from the biological station at 
St. Andrews (Mavor, Craigie, and Detweiler, 1916; Craigie, 1916, 1916a; McMurrich, 
1917; and Doctor McMurrich’s unpublished plankton lists). In 1915 the Grampus 
cruised in the gulf from spring to midautumn (stations 10266 to 10339, p. 987; 
Bigelow, 1917). Craigie (Craigie and Chase, 1918) likewise took serial temperatures 
in the Bay of Fundy, in Annapolis Basin, and in St. Marys Bay, as well as salinities 
in the latter (Vachon, 1918). 
That same summer is memorable in oceanographic annals for the general survey 
of eastern Canadian waters carried out by the Canadian Fisheries Expedition (Hjort, 
1919; Sandstrom, 1919; Bjerkan, 1919). This, however did not touch the Gulf of 
Maine region except for one profile crossing the shelf off Shelburne, Nova Scotia, in 
July. 
It is a fortunate chance that the western and southwestern parts of the gulf, on 
the one hand (stations 10340 to 10357, 10398 to 10404; Bigelow, 1922 5 ), and the 
Bay of Fundy, on the other (Vachon, 1918), both were studied in 1916, for that 
summer and autumn followed an almost Arctic winter and a backward spring. 
Exploration of the offshore waters of the Gulf of Maine was interrupted by the 
war, except that serial observations were taken at a station between Grand Manan 
and Nova Scotia by the St. Andrews station at intervals from 1916 to 1918. 
In 1919 work was resumed, when the United States Coast Guard cutter 
Androscoggin, on ice patrol, ran profiles across the gulf in March, April, and May 
(United States Coast Guard stations 1 to 3, 19 to 22, 35 to 38, p. 997; E. H. Smith, 
1924, p. 103), while Mavor (1923) made an oceanographic survey of the Bay of Fundy 
in August. Study of the surface currents of the Bay of Fundy by drift bottles also 
was inaugurated by the St. Andrews station during that summer (Mavor, 1920 to 
1923), and later was expanded into a joint project to cover northeastern American 
waters generally. 
Prior to 1920 attention had been directed chiefly to the state of the gulf during the 
warm half of the year. To remedy this seasonal deficiency the Albatross carried out 
a general survey of the entire region from February to May, 1920 (stations 20044 to 
20129, p. 998; United States Bureau of Fisheries, 1921), while the Halcyon cruised in the 
northern half of the gulf during the following December, January, and March. The 
Halcyon also occupied a net of oceanographic stations in Massachusetts Bay during 
August, 1922, and has made scattered observations at various seasons since then 
(stations 10631 to 10645, p. 995, and unnumbered stations, p. 1012). Finally, the 
Fish Hawk took temperatures and salinities at many stations in Massachusetts and 
Cape Cod Bays at intervals during the winter and spring of 1924-25 (p. 1004). 
The following lines of drift bottles have been set out in the Gulf of Maine since 
1919: July, 1922, one line running southeasterly from Cape Elizabeth to the center 
of the gulf; another from the southern angle of Cape Cod southeasterly out across 
the edge of the continent; and likewise a line off New York. A line also was set out 
5 The operations of the Grampus in 1916 were in the immediate charge of W. W. Welsh. 
