PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY OF THE GULF OF MAINE 
603 
Deep temperatures (°C.) in the western, central, and northeastern parts of the basin, July and August, 
1914 
Depth, meters 
Station 
Station 
Station 
Station 
Station 
Station 
Station 
Station 
10214 
10246 
10248 
10249 
10251 
10254 
10255 
10256 
100 
4.22 
6. 28 
7. 18 
5.31 
4.41 
4.36 
3. 95 
4. 24 
145. 
4.93 
150. 
6. 12 
7. 58 
6. 04 
6.04 
5. 51 
5. 13 
5. 38 
180- - 
6. 24 
5.68 
190 
5. 53 
8.17 
8. 34 
200 
6.8 
220 
5.83 
260 - 
7.09 
However, this type of gradient did not extend to the southeastern part of the 
basin (station 10225), where the temperature decreased, though at a decreasing rate, 
from the surface right down to the bottom. This was also the case in the Eastern 
Channel (station 10227). 
In 1915 the deep stations again exhibited vertical warming with increasing depth 
in both sides of the basin in August and the first part of September, from the 100 to 
150 meter level down to the bottom; but the depth at which the water was coldest 
(100 to 150 meters) was not so uniform as it had been the year before, nor was the 
vertical range of temperature below this stratum as wide. One station in the center 
of the basin (10308) showed a progressive cooling toward bottom instead of the more 
general rise in temperature, perhaps reflecting some disturbance of the normal circu- 
lation by the tides flowing around the slopes of Cashes Ledge. 
Deep temperatures, °C., August to September, 1915 
Depth, meters 
Station 
10304 
Station 
10307 
Station 
10308 
Station 
10309 
Station 
10310 
90 
6. 36 
loo 
6. 22 
4.78 
5. 01 
5. 1 
5. 72 
6 . 77 
6.56 
150 - 
165 
5. 63 
190 - 
7.1 
200 - 
6.89 
6.7 
210 — 
6.98 
235 - 
6. 36 
Only one deep serial was taken in the basin of the gulf north of Georges Bank 
during the summer of 1916 (10345, July 22; southwest part of basin off Cape Cod), 
again proving the water coldest at the 100-meter level (3.85°) and fractionally 
warmer (4.06°) on the bottom in 150 meters. Thus the fact that this was an unusu- 
ally cold year, from the gulf southward to Chesapeake Bay (p. 628; Bigelow, 1922), 
both in land climate and in the upper 100 meters of water, was not reflected in the 
vertical distribution of temperature in the deeps of the gulf. Again, this also applies 
to August, 1923, another cold summer (p. 632), when the temperature off Mount Des- 
ert Rock 28 was lowest (4.5°) at about 90 meters, warming to 4.9° at about 130 meters 
and to 5.4° at 165 meters. 
A considerable body of evidence has thus accumulated to prove this the usual 
state in the inner parts of the open basin of the gulf during the late summer, just as 
i' Lat. 43° 62' N., long. 67° 64' W., Aug. 6. 
