276 
BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES 
In American waters it has been taken as far south on the Pacific coast as Puget 
Sound (Giesbrecht and Schmeil, 1898), but apparently it does not reach San Diego, 
not having been found there by Esterly. Willey (1920) records it from south of the 
Alaska Peninsula, from Bering Sea, and from several localities along the Arctic 
coasts of Alaska and Canada. On the Atlantic side it occurs in the Labrador cur- 
rent off the Straits of Belle Isle (Herdman, Thompson, and Scott, 1898). The 
Canadian fisheries expedition found it one of the most plentiful of copepods in the 
Gulf of St. Lawrence and had it at most of the stations between the Newfoundland 
and Scotian Banks, as well as along Nova Scotia, though not in such abundance 
(Willey, 1919). Wright (1907) also describes it as abundant off Canso, Nova 
Scotia, in July and August; and as I have remarked in several previous communi- 
cations, Pseudocalanus is one of the most characteristic members of the copepod 
community of the Gulf of Maine. West and south of this it is much less abun- 
dant and more seasonal. In warm summers it probably finds its farthest bound 
about New York, judging from the fact that it has not been reported at Woods 
Hole during the warm half of the year, though Fish (1925) found it there in winter, 
and from our failure to find it at any of the nine southern stations in 1913 (Bigelow, 
1915). In the cool August of 1916 it was recognized at three stations on the con- 
tinental shelf off New York (stations 10363, 10364, and 10365) and may have occurred 
at others, for only a preliminary examination has been made. In September, 1914, 
it was taken just outside the continental edge off Marthas Vineyard (station 10260), 
and in October, 1915, it occurred at all three stations across the continental shelf 
on this line (stations 10331 to 10333; table, p. 298). It enters Narragansett Bay in 
January and February (Williams, 1907), and Dr. C. B. Wilson (in a letter) writes 
that he has “examined specimens taken in winter as far south as the thirty-seventh 
parallel of latitude, opposite the mouth of Chesapeake Bay,” this being the most 
southerly record of it along the seaboard of eastern North America. 
Gulf of Maine . — Pseudocalanus is nearly as universal as Calanus finmarchicus in 
the gulf, indifferently in the coastal zone, in the deep parts of the open basin, and on 
the off-shore banks. Evidently it is a constant member of the plankton of Gulf of 
Maine harbors, the Grampus having had it in Gloucester, Rockport, and Kittery 
(Bigelow, 1914, p. 116). Doctor McMurrich took it at St. Andrews, where he lists 
it for 71 per cent of the 160 tows covering all seasons of the year. Since 1913 it 
has been recognized in the following proportion of the stations for which the cope- 
pods have been listed:' 19 
Date 
Percentage 
of stations 
with Pseu- 
docalanus 
Date 
Percentage 
of stations 
with Pseu- 
docalanus 
February, 1920 
83 
90 
March, 1920 and 1921 
94 
91 
April, 1920_ 
90 
88 
May, 1915 and 1920 
77 
January, 1921 
80 
77 
August, 1913, 1914, 1915, and 1922 
69 
General average 
83 
10 The summer of 1912 and winter of 1912-13 are not included in this calculation because there is reason to believe that Pseudo- 
calanus is underestimated in the published lists because of the nets employed (Bigelow, 1914, p. 115; 1914a, p. 409). 
