PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY OF THE GULF OF MAINE 
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With this gradient a considerable indraft is indicated into the eastern side of 
the gulf; not, however, from the coastal belt to the eastward of Cape Sable, but 
from the region of Browns Bank and of its offing. Probably this indraft had as a 
counter current an outdraft from the gulf around the eastern end of Georges Bank, 
though, lacking a station on the bank, this can not be asserted definitely. It is 
certain, also, that the dynamic impulse for a northeast-southwest current around 
the northern and western margins of the gulf had slackened by the middle of that 
June. 
Unfortunately, no observations were taken in the western side of the gulf that 
June, but a survey of Massachusetts Bay carried out by the Fish Hawlc on June 16 
Fig. 197. — Dynamic gradient at the surface of the eastern side of the gulf, from June 10 to 26, 1915, referred to the Eastern 
Channel as base station. Curves are for every dynamic centimeter 
and 17, 1925 (cruise 14), has enabled Mr. Parmenter to calculate the relative 
velocities and directions of the gradient current on various profiles by the method 
elaborated by Sandstrom (1919), and his results are offered here to illustrate this 
alternative procedure. 
These calculations (tabulated below) rest on two assumptions — first, that the 
water was stationary at the greatest depth of the shoaler of each pair of stations, 
and, second, that the profiles selected (typical examples are shown in fig. 198) are 
at right angles to the existing current. In the present instance neither of these 
requirements is exactly fulfilled, but the close agreement between the calculation 
