Parrish et al.: Nursery habitat in relation to production of Pristipomoides filamentosus 
147 
pelago are intriguing and potentially important. It 
is not clear how widespread such habitat (and asso- 
ciated high densities of juvenile snappers) may be in 
Hawaii; present surveys and those of 1967-68 sug- 
gest that it represents a minor fraction of all habitat 
at appropriate depths. Use of the observed mean 
density of snappers on other habitats (6.6 snappers/ 
km 2 ) produced an estimate of juvenile standing stock 
much lower than that derived from catch records. A 
possible explanation for the discrepancy is that an 
abundance of snappers use unidentified habitats sig- 
nificantly shallower or deeper than 60-90 m. How- 
ever, extensive diving in shallower waters, observa- 
tions from submersibles (Moffitt et al., 1989; Haight 
et al., 1993), and systematic trawl surveys of deeper 
waters (Struhsaker, 1973) have not disclosed juve- 
niles in other depth ranges. Conceivably, areas at 
depths with less than prime habitat for juvenile snap- 
pers may support loose, mobile aggregations with 
large home ranges that are difficult to relocate. As of 
yet, no such aggregations have been documented. 
According to the Kaneohe GIS data (Fig. 5), juve- 
nile snappers occurred within an area of 8 km 2 and 
showed a median video-based density index of 7; 
therefore, Kaneohe is likely to support 450 snappers/ 
km 2 (68-fold above mean estimated density) or a to- 
tal of 3,600 snappers. This finding suggests that re- 
cruits from premium habitats like Kaneohe can pro- 
duce a significant percentage of the MHI juveniles. 
If Kaneohe snapper abundance values are applied 
to reconcile the difference between the estimates 
generated by video densities in nonpremium habi- 
tats and those obtained by fishery catches, between 
9% and 15% of the MHI habitat would have to be of 
the premium type to account for the current com- 
mercial snapper catch. If recreational catch is con- 
sidered, a larger fraction of total habitat must be of 
a premium type. Exploring the actual extent of this 
habitat and the adult stock’s dependence on it should 
be a management priority and a major focus for fu- 
ture work. 
Acknowledgments 
We are grateful to Deborah Goebert, Matt Mc- 
Granaghan, Ross Sutherland, and Everett Wingert 
for providing expertise helpful in preparing this re- 
port. Thoughtful reviews were provided by Wayne 
Haight, Don Kobayashi, Robert Moffitt, James 
Parrish, Jeffrey Polovina, and Jim West. The City 
and County of Honolulu, Department of Wastewa- 
ter, assisted by providing wastewater discharge 
data. 
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