435 
on Spirituous Liquors. 
these experiments, must gain him credit for having duly 
watched the thermometer, so as to seize the moment when 
it gave the just temperature of the mass. 
Our experiments were finished, and the tables now given were 
drawn out, before the appearance of Mr. Ramsden’s pamphlet. 
Yet if any of the methods he proposed had been really pre- 
ferable, the whole series should have been repeated on that 
new plan, and particularly w'ith regard to the effect of heat, 
if the instruments for that purpose had been found to answer 
the character given of them. But as this was not the case, 
we have thought it right to adhere to an obvious and direct 
method, in which, however laborious, there can be no fallacy, 
and the uniformity of w'hich ensures an equal degree of ac- 
curacy to every part of the operation. 
Since the publication of our first tables, several hydrometers 
have been contrived, with the view of applying them to prac- 
tice. Those of copper were rejected on account of the errors 
which small and almost imperceptible bruises in them might 
occasion ; and for the same reason no other metal was tried. 
Mr. Gilpin has constructed two areometers of glass ; one with 
the stem so divided, that an easy table may be formed for the 
correction necessary according to the different weights with 
which it is used ; the other with a separate scale fixed to 
each of those weights, made to slip into the tubular stem of 
the instrument ; a contrivance that obviates the necessity of 
a table. Mr. Ramsden also has invented a balance hydro- 
meter, with several varieties of construction, one of which is 
detailed in his pamphlet. All the above-mentioned instru- 
ments appear to have fully as much accuracy as can be 
