STREAM POLLUTION 
417 
The specifically toxic substances which do enter the body of the fish can be 
grouped therefore according to their specific pathological and pharmacological effects 
much as in the case of man; and these poisons which do enter the body of the fish 
constitute important pollution hazards in high dilution, since the high dilutions may 
be tolerated by the fish for a short time without apparent harmful results. Conse- 
quently, the compounds in this miscellaneous group must be considered individually 
in evaluating pollution hazards. 
Table 13. — Survivals of goldfish in solutions of various chemicals found in industrial wastes 1 
Specific con- 
pH 
ductivity 
mhoXlO -8 at 
Substance 
Concentra- 
tion ratio 
by weight 
per 
Diluent 
water 
25° 
C. 
Survival time 3 
Constituent of 
lion 
Water 
Solu- 
tion 
Water 
Solu- 
tion 
Ammonium carbonate . 
Do . 
3 1:1, 000 
3 1:10, 000 
1,000 
100 
Hard _ 
7. 7 
8. 1 
718 
2,644 
956 
1 to 2 hours- 
do 
7.7 
7.8 
718 
4 to 10 hours .. 
[Organic wastes, 
Do 
Do 
3 1:100, 000 
3 1:1,000, 000 
1:1, 000 
10 
1 
7. 7 
7. 7 
718 
727 
[ gashouse wastes. 
7.7 
7.7 
718 
718 
CO 
Amyl alcohol (iso)- --- 
1, ooo 
do 
7.8 
7.8 
647 
666 
17 to 71 hours 
Do 
1 : 10, 000 
1:100, 000 
1:1, 000,000 
1:1, 000 
100 
_do - 
7.8 
7.8 
647 
647 
82hours-co__ 
[Distillery wastes. 
Do 
10 
___do --- -- 
7.8 
7.8 
647 
647 
94 hours- 
Do 
1 
__do- . . 
7.8 
7.8 
647 
647 
161 hours-oo ... 
1 
1 , coo 
400 
do 
8.0 
6.7 
646 
673 
20 to 40 minutes .. 
Do _. 
1:2, 500 
do 
8.0 
7.4 
646 
659 
30minutes to 1 hour 
Do 
1:10,000 
100 
do 
8.0 
7.6 
646 
649 
10 minutes. 
1 hour to 3 hours 25 
minutes. 
[Chemical indus- 
tries wastes. 
Do 
1:50,000 
1:100, 000 
1:10, 000 
20 
do 
8. 0 
8. 0 
646 
646 
1 5 to 96 hours . . . 
Do 
10 
do 
8. 0 
8. 0 
646 
646 
CO 
Chlorine. 
lool 
do 
7.9 
7.4 
653 
640 
54 minutes to 1 hour 
30 minutes. 
Do 
1:100, 000 
10 
- __do 
7.9 
7.9 
653 
653 
5 hours 15 minutes 
Do. 
to 48 hours. 
Do 
1:500, 000 
2 
do 
7.9 
7.9 
653 
653 
17 to 48 hours ... . 
Do 
1:1,000,000 
1:1,000 
1 
_ __do 
7.9 
7.9 
653 
653 
Cresylic acid — - 
1, 000 
do 
7.8 
7.8 
639 
654 
14 to 30 minutes 
Do 
1:10, 000 
100 
do 
7.8 
7.8 
639 
641 
5 to 31 hours 
Livestock disin- 
Do 
1:100, 000 
1:1, 000, 000 
10 
7.8 
7.8 
639 
640 
Do 
1 
do 
7.8 
7.8 
645 
645 
93 to 120 hours 
tation wastes. 
Do.-.. 
1:10,000, 000 
3 1:1,000 
0. 1 
-__do 
7.8 
7.8 
645 
645 
Phenol 
1, 000 
do 
7.8 
7.6 
690 
587 
15 to 30 minutes 
Livestock disin- 
■ fectants and gas- 
house wastes. 
Do 
3 1:10, 000 
100 
do 
7.8 
7.6 
690 
593 
60 to 72 hours 
Do - 
3 1:100, 000 
3 1:1,000,000 
10 
-_do 
7.8 
7. 8 
690 
690 
Do . 
1 
do_ - 
7.8 
7.8 
690 
690 
Potassium xanthate 
3 1:3, 125 
320 
do 
8. 1 
8.8 
669 
900 
Do 
3 1:6,250 
160 
. . - -.do 
8.1 
8.6 
669 
776 
12 to 24 hours ... 
Do.... ... 
3 1:12, 500 
80 
do 
8. 1 
8.4 
669 
731 
1 2 to 36 hours 
Mine flotation 
Do... 
3 1:100, 000 
3 1:10, 000, 000 
10 
-_do - 
8. 1 
8. 1 
669 
669 
wastes. 
Do 
0. 1 
do 
8. 1 
8.1 
609 
669 
4 to 5 davs . ... 
1:1, 000 
1, 000 
S. 0 
7. 7 
645 
753 
Sodium fluoride 
1:1,000 
1 , oco 
Very soft 
6. 4 
6.4 
<50 
2, 162 
12 to 29 hours. ... 
Distillery wastes 
and certain soils. 
Do 
Do 
1:1, 000 
1:10, 000 
1,000 
100 
Hard 
do 
7.8 
7.8 
7.0 
7.3 
647 
647 
2, 346 
943 
60 to 102 hours. . 
CO 
1 Condition of experiment described in table 8. 
3 Minimal and maximal survival times as found in these experiments. Infinity sign indicates survival greater than 4 days 
without apparent injury to the fish. 
3 Constant flow as described in table 8. 
LETHAL LIMITS OF 114 SUBSTANCES WHICH MAY BE FOUND 
IN STREAM POLLUTANTS 
In this section summaries of the lethal limits of individual substances, together 
with bibliographic references and statements concerning the test animals used and 
conditions of the experiments, are presented. These data have been massed from 
the literature and from the writer’s own experiments (M. M. E.). In these sum- 
maries no attempt has been made to include all existing references, but instead 
