STREAM POLLUTION 
419 
Acridine, C 9 H 4 (N.CH)C„H 4 
Gas tar oils; dye industries; water sterilization. Adams (1927), 5 p. p. m. in Nile River water 
killed cladocerans, Daphnia sp., and copepods, Cyclops sp. 
Alcohols 
See amyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, and octyl alcohol. 
Aluminium ammonium sulphate, A1(NH 4 ) (S0 4 )2 - Ammonium alum 
Dye works and cloth printing industries. Weigelt, Saare, and Schwab (1885), 523 p. p. m. 
in tap water caused large trout to float on side after 10 hours’ exposure. 
Aluminium potassium sulphate, A1K(S0 4 )2‘ Alum or potassium alum 
Dye works; tanneries; leather works. Penny and Adams (1863), 250 p. p. m. killed goldfish and 
minnows; Weigelt, Saare, and Schwab (1885), 544 p. p. m. in tap water killed California salmon in 
6 hours, and medium trout in 15 hours; M. M. E., 1,000 p. p. m. in hard water killed goldfish, 
Carassius auratus in 1-10 hours, 100 p. p. m. killed goldfish in 12 96 hours, although some survived 
this strength over 100 hours. 
Alums 
See aluminium ammonium sulphate, aluminium potassium sulphate, and ferric potassium 
sulphate. 
Ammonia 
See ammonium hydroxide. 
Ammonium carbonate, (NH 4 )2C0 3 
Gas wastes; wool- washings; tannery effluents. Clark and Adams (1913), 155-197 p. p. m. 
fatal to shiners and carp in a few minutes to a few hours; Shelford (1917), 600-800 p. p. m. killed 
orange-spotted sunfish, Lepomis humilis in 1 hour; M. M. E., 100 p. p. m. in hard water killed gold- 
fish in 4-10 hours, 48 p. p. m. in 6 days, 10 p. p. m. tolerated for more than 100 hours without appar- 
ent effect. 
Ammonium chloride, NH 4 C1. Sal ammoniac 
Gas wastes; various chemical wastes. Clark and Adams (1913), 180 p. p. m. in tap water, no 
effect on shiners or carp; Wells (1915b), 535 p. p. m. in tap water killed bluegills, Lepomis pallidus 
in 4 hours 45 minutes, and same amount in distilled water killed bluegills in 18 days; Shelford (1917), 
700-800 p. p. m. killed orange-spotted sunfish, Lepomis humilis, in 1 hour; Powers (1917), 1,712 
p. p. m. in distilled water killed goldfish, Carassius auratus, in 6-18 hours; M. M. E. 268 p. p. m. in 
hard water, killed goldfish in 6 days; 535 p. p. m. killed cladocerans, Daphnia magna, in 6 hours. 
Ammonium ferrocyanide (NH 4 ) 4 Fe(CN) 9 
Gas wastes, 
in 1 hour. 
Shelford (1917), 150-200 p. p. m. killed orange-spotted sunfish, Lepomis humilis, 
Ammonium hydroxide, NH 4 OH 
Wool washings; chemical wastes; gas wastes. Since ammonia gas NH 3 unites readily on mixing 
with water forming the hydroxide, these two compounds are considered together here. Clark and 
Adams (1913), 9.4 p. p. m. (ammonium hydroxide) did not kill shiners, carp, and large suckers but 
13 p. p. m. killed all these fishes, 20 p. p. m. being fatal in 15 minutes; Belding (1928), 6.25 p. p. m. 
killed brook trout in 24 hours; Weigelt, Saare, and Schwab (1885), 250 p. p. m. (ammonia) killed 
trout in 2 hours; Shelford (1917), 7-8 p. p. m. (ammonia) in tap water killed orange-spotted sunfish, 
Lepomis humilis, in 1 hour; M. M. E., 2-2.5 p. p. m. (ammonia) in hard water fatal to goldfish, 
Carassius auratus, and yellow-perch, Perea flavescens, in 24 hours to 4 days. 
