STREAM POLLUTION 
429 
Sodium chloride, NaCl. Common salt 
Brine works; waste waters from oil wells; effluents from some dairy industries. Garrey (1916), 
2,500 p. p. m. in distilled water killed straw-colored minnow, Notropis blennius, in 9-24 days (solu- 
tion, a = 0.105); Powers (1917), 11,765 p. p. m. in distilled water killed goldfish in 17 hours; Wiebe, 
Burr, and Faubion (1934), 5,000 p. p. m. in distilled water killed golden shiners, Notemigonus cryso- 
leucas, in 148 hours and largemouth black bass in 200-250 hours; M. M. E., 1 p. p. m. distilled, 
water killed cladoceran, Daphnia magna, in 3 hours, 5,000 p. p. m. in Mississippi River water appar- 
ently not harmful to goldfish in 25-day exposure, but 10,000 p. p. m. in Mississippi River water killed 
goldfish in 4—10 days. 
Sodium fluoride, NaF 
In certain brewery and distillery wastes; also found in some soils. M. M. E., 1,000 p. p. m. in 
hard water killed goldfish in 60-102 hours. 
Sodium hydroxide, NaOH. Caustic soda 
Soap factories; wood ashes. Clark and Adams (1913), 96 p. p. m. in tap water killed shiners, 
carp, and suckers in 2-10 minutes; Standing Committee on River Pollution (1924), 50 p. p. m. in 
distilled water was not fatal to perch and roach in a 2-hour exposure. 
Sodium nitrate, NaNCh. Chili saltpeter 
Fertilizers. Powers (1917), 1,282 p. p. m. in distilled water killed goldfish in 14 hours; M. M. E., 
4,000 p. p. m. in hard water killed goldfish in 80 hours but 3,000 p. p. m. apparently did not injure 
goldfish in 100-hour exposures. 
Sodium selenite, Na 2 Se 03 
Component of certain soils; pottery works. M. M. E., 100 p. p. m. in hard water killed gold- 
fish in 8-20 hours, 10 p. p. m. in hard water killed in 98-144 hours. 
Sodium sulphate, Na 2 SO<. Glaubers salt 
Harukawa (1922), 500 p. p. m. in tap water not injurious to goldfish in 24 hours. 
Sodium sulphide Na 2 S 
In some beet-sugar factory effluents and in some paper-pulp wastes. Weigelt. Saare, and Schwab 
(1885), a 1-hour exposure to 1,150 p. p. m. in tap water kill tench, Tinea vulgaris, 6 days later. 
Sodium sulphite, Na 2 SOs 
Component of various paper pulp wastes anefsome beet sugar factory wastes. M. M. E., 100 
p. p. m. in hard water killed goldfish in 96 hours. 
Stannous chloride, SnCl 2 
M. M. E., 1,000 p. p. m. in hard water killed goldfish in 4^5 hours. 
Strontium chloride, SrCl 2 
Powers (1917), 15,384 p. p. in. in distilled water killed goldfish in 17-31 hours. 
Strontium nitrate, Sr(NC> 3 ) 2 
Powers (1917), 9,615 p. p. m. in distilled water killed goldfish in 32-146 hours. 
Sugar, cane, Ci 2 H 22 0n. Sucrose 
Garrey (1916), 34—218 p. p. m. in distilled water (A = 0.198) killed straw-colored minnow, 
Notropis blennius, in 24-48 hours. 
Sulphur, colloidal, S 2 
Lime-sulphur mixtures and dips; following decomposition of hydrogen sulphide in water. 
Harukawa (1922), 1,600 p. p. m. in tap water fatal to goldfish in 3 hours 30 minutes to 5 hours 15 
minutes, and 2,100 p. p. m. in 48-71 minutes. 
