GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF THE PACIFIC SALMON 
671 
In this study a transplantation lias been considered successful only when it 
survived to the extent of producing subsequent sea-run populations with migratory 
and spawning habits characteristic of the species in the native distribution. In 
other words, the mere hatching of the eggs or rearing of the young under landlocked 
conditions has not been considered as indicating the successful introduction of the 
species. 
In order to secure complete and authentic information concerning the ultimate 
success or failure of the attempts to introduce these salmon into foreign waters, 
letters requesting this information were sent to the fish commissions and scientific 
fishery societies of the States and countries listed in tables 1 and 2. These letters, 
together with the replies that were received, are on file in the office of the Bureau of 
Fisheries, Washington, D. C. 
The history to date of the attempts to introduce the Pacific salmon in foreign 
waters is not very encouraging. Only 1 State and 3 countries reported the develop- 
ment of natural sea-run populations in their coastal streams. The others reported 
that negative results or, to the best of their knowledge, no natural populations had 
developed from the transplantations. Maine is the only State in which natural runs 
of salmon have been definitely established. According to Bigelow and Welsh (1924), 
pink-salmon fry planted in the Dennys, Medomak, St. Georges, St. Croix, Pembroke, 
and Penobscot Rivers survived and developed populations having characteristics 
similar to those in their native distribution. However, adverse sentiment of the 
residents in this region has greatly contributed to their present lack of abundance. 
Dymond, Hart, and Pritchard (1929) report the establishment of sea-run popu- 
lations of chinook salmon in the St. John River, New Brunswick, and the Port Credit 
River, Ontario. These salmon have been taken in the St. John River by the hundreds 
and vary in weight up to 8 pounds. They are also quite plentiful in the Port Credit 
River where fish weighing up to 30 pounds have been taken. It is assumed that the 
Port Credit salmon migrate to and from the sea by way of Lake Ontario and the 
St. Lawrence River. Other streams tributary to these waters may maintain small 
runs of chinooks which to date have not been identified. The streams and coastal 
regions of Maine, New Brunswick, and Ontario are the only foreign waters on the 
North American continent in which natural populations of the Pacific salmon have 
been established. 
Transplantations of Pacific salmon have been made in both Chile and Argentina 
in South America. Chile reports the presence of either coho or sockeye salmon 
running in the San Pedro River in the southern part of the country. Legislation has 
been promulgated by the Chilean Government which prohibits commercial fishing 
for these salmon until 1940. In Argentina none of the transplantations to date, 
according to Marini (1936), have been successful. However, final information in 
Chile as well as Argentina is not available owing to the lack of adequate scientific 
surveys throughout the sparsely inhabited regions in which the salmon have been 
introduced. 
All European waters stocked with Pacific salmon, according to Bottemanne (1879), 
Behr (1882), Aagaard (1930), and correspondence received, have been unfavorable 
to the survival of the species. The countries acknowledged receiving the eggs but 
none could cite a single instance in which adult salmon had returned from the sea 
