672 
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES 
to spawn. Various methods of propagation were used but none proved successful. 
From the many unsuccessful attempts at introducing the Pacific salmon into European 
waters it may be concluded that the establishment of sea-run populations in them is 
very improbable. However, Finland is at present importing chinook eggs with the 
hope of establishing natural runs of this species. The possibility of successfully 
introducing the Pacific salmon into the coastal waters of Norway may never be 
determined since the Norwegian Government has always, with thanks, declined offers 
to plant these salmon in their waters. 
Attempts to establish natural runs of Pacific salmon in the waters of Hawaii have 
been unsuccessful. The eggs were hatched successfully and the young reared to the 
migrant stage before planting but no adults have ever returned to the streams. 
Although recent shipments of eggs have been made to Hawaii it is not deemed ad- 
visable to continue this practice. 
The waters of Australia and Tasmania, according to McCulloch (1927), Tasmania 
Fisheries Commission (1933 and 1935), and correspondence received, have all been 
unfavorable to the introduction of Pacific salmon. Many attempts have been made 
to establish natural runs in the coastal streams but all have been unsuccessful. No 
particular difficulty was encountered in hatching the eggs and rearing the young to 
the migrant stage, see Baird (1878), but no adults ever returned from the numerous 
plantings in the streams. The Tasmania Fisheries Commission (1933) states that 
in the confined waters of the Great Lake, chinook salmon thrive and grow rapidly 
to support a flourishing sport fishery. Other than to maintain landlocked populations 
for sport fishing it is considered that attempts to stock the streams for the establish- 
ment of sea-run populations would not justify the necessary expenditure of eggs and 
effort. 
The introduction of the Pacific salmon into the waters of New Zealand has been 
successful only on South Island and even there, only within definite limits. The 
streams in which sea-run populations have been established, and those which have 
been stocked consistently with salmon but which have never developed sea-run 
populations, are shown in figure 5. The well-defined distributional range of the 
salmon on South Island will be explained in the discussion on environmental limitations 
to their occurrence. 
The many attempts to establish runs of chinook salmon in New Zealand prior 
to 1900 were all unsuccessful. During this period the eggs and young were divided 
into small consignments and distributed to many rivers throughout the colony. 
Following the year 1900 this practice was discontinued and only one river system, 
the Waitaki, was stocked. In 1905 many adult salmon returned to this river to 
spawn, thus establishing the first natural run of chinooks on South Island. This 
run survived and through natural and artificial propagation has been spread to other 
rivers on the island. 
Although the Bureau of Fisheries records show only the shipment of chinook 
salmon stock to New Zealand, shipments of sockeye salmon stock were also received 
from another source according to W. L. Calderwood (Fishery Board for Scotland, 
Salmon Fisheries, 1924, No. 2) who states: 
In operating with Sockeye, some curious results have appeared. Eggs were imported in 1902, 
and adult specimens of this fish began to appear in 1907. Dead examples were first noticed, and 
