688 
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES 
From 1872 to 1930, millions of eggs and young of Pacific salmon from California, 
Oregon, Washington, and Alaska were shipped to the Atlantic Coast States and 
foreign countries for the purpose of establishing natural runs in their coastal streams. 
Transplantations were made in Hawaii, Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, Chile, 
Argentina, Eastern United States, Eastern Canada, England, Ireland, France, Hol- 
land, Germany, Finland, and Italy. Of these many transplantations only those in 
New Zealand, Chile, the State of Maine, and the provinces of New Brunswick and 
Ontario have developed natural populations of these salmon with characteristics 
similar to those in their native distribution. 
The environmental components, as considered in this study of the foreign streams 
and lakes and coastal waters in which these salmon have developed natural runs, have 
in every case been similar to the components of the waters frequented by the salmon 
in their native range. On the other hand the environmental components of the foreign 
waters in which these salmon have failed to develop natural runs have differed from 
those of the waters native to the salmon. The failures of the transplantations in 
some areas have been due to the lack of suitable fresh-water conditions; in others, to 
the lack of suitable marine conditions, while some areas provided neither fresh water 
nor marine conditions favorable to the introduction of the salmon. 
Owing to the dependence of the Pacific salmon on particular environmental 
conditions, as shown in this study, there are no oceanographic regions in the world 
that can support populations of these fish as great as those supported by the North 
Pacific region. 
LITERATURE CITED 
Aagaard, Birger. 1930. B0r vi innf0re Stillehavslaksen? Fiskeri-inspekt0rens innberetning 
om ferskvannsfiskeriene for &ret 1930 (1931), pp. 32-33. Oslo. 
Baievsky, Boris. 1926. Fisheries of Siberia. Appendix II, Report, U. S. Comm. Fish., 
1926 (1927), pp. 37-64, 2 figs. Washington. 
Baird, S. F. 1878. Correspondence connected with the transmission of eggs of the quinnat 
salmon and whitefish to Australia and New Zealand, 1877, 1878, and prior years. Appendix 
XL, Report, U. S. Comm. Fish., part. VI, 1878 (1880), pp. 825-905. Washington. 
Behr, Herr Von. 1882. Five American Salmonidae in Germany. Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 
vol. II, 1882 (1883), pp. 237-246. Washington. 
Bigelow, H. B. 1917. Explorations of the coast water between Cape Cod and Halifax in 1914 
and 1915, by the U. S. Fisheries Schooner Grampus. Oceanography and Plankton. Bulletin 
of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, vol. 61, No. 8, July 1917, pp. 161-359. Cambridge, 
Mass. 
Bigelow, H. B. 1933. Studies of the waters on the continental shelf, Cape Cod to Chesapeake 
Bay. 1, The Cycle of Temperature. Papers in Physical Oceanography and Meteorology, 
vol. II, No. 4, contribution No. 34, Dec. 1933. Mass. Inst, of Technology and Woods Hole 
Oceanographic Inst., Cambridge, Mass. 
Bigelow, H. B., and W. W. Welsh. 1924. Fishes of the Gulf of Maine. Bull. U. S. Bur. 
Fish., vol. XL, part 1, 1924 (1925). Washington. 
Bjerkan, Paul. 1919. Results of the hydrographical observations made by Dr. Johan Hjort in 
the Canadian Atlantic waters during the year 1915. Canadian Fisheries Expedition, 1914-15. 
Department of the Naval Service, 1919, pp. 349-403. Ottawa. 
Bottemanne, C. J. 1879. California salmon in the Netherlands. Appendix XXVI, Report, 
U. S. Comm. Fish., part VII, 1879 (1882), pp. 709-713. Washington. 
