778 
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES 
average monthly temperatures for January, February, and March were added for 
each year, and the sum subtracted from the mean average of the sum of these 3 
months for the whole series of years. The two series of temperature deviations were 
added for each year and divided by two (see table 35). It will be noted that in both 
series the winter of 1913 was the second coldest in 42 years. That this long protracted 
cold spell might well have had a deleterious effect on the success of the 1912 spawning 
is obvious, but the point cannot be pressed until information on the effect of severe 
cold upon spawning has been collected. 
Although the escapement was reported as very poor in 1916, the abundance was 
somewhat higher in 1920, a much less intense fishery producing about the same 
catch as in 1916. The abundance was at practically the same level in 1924 as in 
1920. 
The cycle fell off slightly in 1928 but recovered in 1932 owing probably to the 
very small catch that was made in 1928 in proportion to the abundance. 
Table 35.- — Winter temperatures of the upper Fraser River valley, 1888-1930 
Year 
Barkerville 
Kamloops 
Average 
devia- 
tion in 
degrees 
Sum of 
average 
temper- 
atures, 
Jan., 
Feb., 
and 
Mar. 
Devia- 
tion 
from 
average 
in 
degrees 
Sum of 
average 
temper- 
atures, 
Jan., 
Feb., 
and 
Mar. 
Devia- 
tion 
from 
average 
in 
degrees 
1888- 
70.0 
+8.9 
1889 
72.4 
+11.3 
1890 
64. 1 
+3.0 
1891 
53.8 
-7.3 
86.9 
-0.7 
-4.00 
1892 
65.0 
+3.9 
94.3 
+8.7 
+5. 30 
1893. 
55. 1 
-6.0 
73.2 
-14.4 
-10. 20 
1894 
60. 7 
-. 4 
1895_ 
66.8 
+5.7 
1896 
58.9 
-2.2 
95.0 
+7.4 
+2. 60 
1897 
56.4 
-4.7 
83.5 
-4. 1 
-4. 40 
1898 
68.8 
+7.7 
91.7 
+4.1 
+5. 90 
1899. 
53. 1 
-8.0 
80.8 
-6.8 
-7. 40 
1900 
74.5 
+ 13.4 
103.5 
+ 15.9 
+14. 65 
1901 
63.4 
+2.3 
91. 1 
+3.5 
+2. 90 
1902 
68.8 
+7.7 
100.8 
+13.2 
+10. 45 
1903 
60.6 
-.5 
84.7 
-2.9 
-1.70 
1904 
49.6 
-11.5 
81.0 
—6. 6 
-9.05 
1905 
68.8 
+7.7 
97.7 
+10. 1 
+8. 90 
1906 
70. 1 
+9.0 
101.2 
+13.6 
+11. 30 
1907 
1908 
61.7 
+0.6 
8S.9 
+1.3 
+. 95 
1909 
49. 1 
-12.0 
82.2 
-5.4 
-8. 70 
1910 
60.6 
-.6 
94.7 
+7.1 
+3. 30 
1911 
50.2 
-10.9 
73.2 
-14.4 
-12.65 
Barkerville 
Kamloops 
Y’ear 
Sum of 
average 
temper- 
atures, 
Jan., 
Feb., 
and 
Mar. 
Devia- 
tion 
from 
average 
in 
degrees 
Sum of 
average 
temper- 
atures, 
Jan., 
Feb., 
and 
Mar. 
Devia- 
tion 
from 
average 
in 
degrees 
Average 
devia- 
tion in 
degrees 
1912 
63. 1 
+2.0 
— 17.4 
82.0 
-5.6 
-1.80 
1913. 
43. 7 
63.8 
-23.8 
-20. 60 
1914. 
63. 7 
+2.6 
+16.1 
-25.7 
94.9 
+7.3 
+ 17 7 
-22. 1 
+4. 95 
+16. 90 
-23. 90 
1915 
77.2 
105.3 
1916 
35.4 
65.5 
1917 
49.0 
-12. 1 
70. 1 
-17.5 
-14. 80 
1918 
63.4 
+2.3 
—1.8 
89.2 
+1.6 
+3.5 
+2.3 
+8.7 
-18.3 
+1.95 
+.85 
+2.30 
+5. 90 
-16. 45 
1919-._ 
59.3 
91. 1 
1920. 
63.4 
+2.3 
+3.1 
-14.6 
89. 9 
1921 
64 2 
96.3 
1922__ 
46. 5 
69.3 
1923- 
59. 1 
-2.0 
84. 4 
-3.2 
-2. 60 
1924 
71.8 
+10.7 
+4.7 
+23.9 
-3. 1 
99.4 
+11.8 
+5.4 
+23.4 
+1.4 
+8.4 
—16.6 
+11. 25 
+5. 05 
+23. 65 
-.85 
1925 
65.8 
93.0 
1926. 
85.0 
111.0 
1927 
58.0 
89.0 
1928 
73 0 
+11.9 
-9. 1 
96.0 
+10. 15 
-12. 85 
1929 
52.0 
71.0 
1930 
49.0 
-12. 1 
76.0 
-11.6 
-11. 85 
Sum 
2, 565. 1 
3, 241. 6 
Number of years 
Average. 
42 
37 
61.1 
87.6 
Abundance of Cycle Ending in 1931 
The cycle of years containing 1931 — 1931, 1927, 1923, etc. — has been the least 
abundant since 1899. The gill-net index shows that for six consecutive cycles, up to 
and including 1899, it was more abundant than the cycle following it. In 3 of the 6 
years, 1887, 1895, and 1899, it was also more abundant than the cycle preceding it. 
Between 1899 and 1903 this cycle fell 69 percent according to the combined index of 
abundance — the largest drop in abundance in recent years with the exception of that 
of the big-year cycle after 1913. 
