BIOLOGICAL STUDY OF CHESAPEAKE BAY WATERS 
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Another species described by Holmes from Woods Hole (1905, p. 484) is Stenothoe 
cypris, which was found by him upon the piles and among seaweeds and which was 
given a distribution like Monoculodes edwardsi (1903, p. 278). It was collected at 
areas C and K, the former off New Point Comfort and the latter near the mouth of 
the Potomac River. The bottom salinities at these two areas were 20.65 per mille, 
and 13.09 per mille, respectively. 
The amphipod Corophium cylindricum, which lives in soft tubes but may be free 
(Holmes, 1905, p. 522) and which has a distribution from Cape Cod to Cape Hatteras, 
according to Holmes (1903, p. 288), was found at areas B and C between Cape Charles 
City and New Point Comfort (bottom salinity for area C, 20.65 per mille). Mary J. 
Rathbun (1905, p. 75) found it “very abundant among weeds and hydroids about 
piles of wharves and almost everywhere in shallow water, to a depth of 30 fathoms.” 
Cerapus tubularis is another amphipod of this coast distributed, according to 
Holmes (1903, p. 288), from Cape Cod to Cape Hatteras. This interesting am- 
phipod lives in a black, cylindrical tube which it carries around with it, according to 
Smith (1880, pp. 274-276). The specimens from which the identification was made 
were found at area B, between New Point Comfort and Cape Charles City. The 
bottom salinity for this area during the cruise is not known, but the salinity for a 
nearby area ( C ) where the depth was about the same was 20.65 per mille. 
A South Atlantic species described by Fritz Muller from the coast of Brazil 
is in our collection. It is Bated catharinensis . Specimens were taken at the two areas 
B and C in the same region as the last species and in water where the bottom salinity 
was 20.65 per mille for area C and probably very nearly the same for area B. Re- 
cently C. R. Shoemaker (1926, p. 1), after studying the complete collection of Chesa- 
peake amphipods taken from 1915 to 1921, found that “this genus was common 
in almost every part of the bay.” 
In addition to this southern species, a widely distributed form, Erichthonius 
brasiliensis (Dana), occurs in the bay. The individuals of this species occupy tubes 
affixed to hydroids and algae. According to Stebbing (1906, p. 672), the species is 
found in the “Atlantic with adjoining seas (Europe from south and west Norway 
(depth 19-75 meters) to Adriatic and Bosphorous; Rio Janeiro; Vineyard Sound); 
North Pacific (San Francisco, depth 4 meters).” 
The specimens collected in Chesapeake Bay during the May cruise were found 
at area C (depth, 13 meters; bottom salinity, 20.65 per mille). 
Another widely distributed amphipod which occurs in Chesapeake Bay is 
Caprella acutifrons Latreille which, according to Mayer (1890, p. 56), was found there 
long before the present survey, in August, 1879. 
Finally, specimens of Paracaprella simplex Mayer were caught at areas B and C 
on the line between Cape Charles City and New Point Comfort. The depth at these 
areas was 13 meters and the bottom salinity at area C, 20.65 per mille. 
The bottom salinities have been given for the areas at which specimens of amphi- 
pods were found; but it does not follow that all of the specimens were taken in waters 
of the salinities given, since specimens are not always at the bottom. While many 
live in the sand, under stones, and in crevices of sponges, ascidians, etc., and some 
among hydroids and various water plants, they may at times be taken at or near the 
surface in Chesapeake Bay, as our records show. Fish (1925) found a similar vertical 
distribution at Woods Hole. The bottom salinities are of value in this connection 
however, since they give a satisfactory idea of the maximum salinity for the area, 
