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BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES 
summer and autumn. During the latter season especially it is found well up in the 
rivers emptying into the bay. Evidently it can stand wide ranges of temperature 
and salinity. 
30. One gorgonian, probably Leptogorgia virgulata (Lm’k), has been found at 
many stations in the lower part of the bay, but since we have never brought it in 
attached to rocks, stones, or other objects it may have been swept in by the currents 
from the ocean. 
31. Only one species of sea anemone has been taken in the offshore waters of the 
bay; and, judging from our dredging records, it was confined to the upper half of the 
bay, showing that it is able to five in water of low salinity. 
32. Observations made on the occurrence of ctenophores in Chesapeake Bay 
support the view that there is a scarcity of full-grown specimens, at least, during the 
spring months, that the numbers increase in early summer, that they reach a maxi- 
mum in the late fall, and that during part of the winter they are still present. 
33. No live corals were found in the bay. 
34. The nematodes are represented by at least a dozen genera and upward of 20 
species, according to Cobb. 
35. Of the three species of sagittas found in Chesapeake Bay, Sagitta elegans was 
by far the most abundant. There is much evidence which supports the conclusions 
that this form was scarce in the bay during the July and August cruise, 1920; that 
during the October and December cruises, 1920, the numbers were larger, although 
the specimens were young; and that during the late winter cruise, January, 1921, 
the numbers were large and some of the specimens almost adult. At the time of the 
March-April cruise, 1921, maximum numbers were caught, many specimens of which 
were of large size. 
36. The largest numbers of Sagitta elegans were found near the mouth of the 
bay during the cruises of July, August, October, December, 1920, and January, 1921; 
but during the March-April cruise, 1921, large numbers occurred in the extreme 
upper part of the bay. It is significant that in this same region, at the same time, 
the largest catches of copepods for all the cruises were made, and that copepods are 
known to be the food of sagittas. 
37. The occurrence of Sagitta elegans near the head of the bay during the March- 
April cruise of 1921 was probably not peculiar to that year, for the log shows that on the 
March cruises of 1920 and 1922 sagittas were caught in almost exactly the same areas. 
3S. All our records show that Sagitta elegans frequents the layers below the surface 
during the daytime and that it is able to withstand a large range of salinities. 
39. Evidently the presence of solid objects upon which Brvozoa may attach 
themselves is an important factor determining distribution; but the occurrence of 
one species only near the mouth of the bay, where the salinity is comparatively high, 
and another only well inside of the bay, where the salinity is much lower, indicate 
strongly that salinity is an important factor in distribution (Osburn’s view also). 
40. Echinoderms are not abundant in Chesapeake Bay, but the common star- 
fish, Asterias jorbesi, is undoubtedly present throughout the year but only in the 
region from the mouth of the Potomac River southward. The largest catches were 
made at area A. The salinity and temperature records show that this starfish can 
five in waters which range from 20.00 to 32.00 per mille and 4.2° C. to 24.4° C. 
41. The holothurian, Thyone briareus, while not so common in our collections, 
has a similar distribution to Asterias Jorbesi. Other echinoderms have been taken 
only near the mouth of the bay and so infrequently that they need no further comment. 
