674 
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES 
without scruples most of the time, as in the years of greatest production, enforce- 
ment and observance of the fishery law were almost unknown, just as they were at 
Red River. If fishing at Little River had always been conducted in accordance 
with the law of 1906, it is unlikely that a run once yielding an annual catch of over 
50,000 red salmon could be literally destroyed within a decade, yet that is exactly 
the history of the Little River fishery. The average yield of 50,000 fish was, obvi- 
ously, more than this small fishery resource could support, but one might suppose, 
on the basis of what is known of the productivity of other salmon runs, that the 
annual catch of Little River might well have been stabilized at some thirty or forty 
thousand. 
Uganik Bay has one important red-salmon stream which is tributary to East 
Arm. Development of a fishery there was nearly contemporaneous with the estab- 
lishment of canneries at Ivarluk, although the first recorded catch of salmon was 
made in 1896. It is known, however, that prior thereto a saltery was operated in 
that locality and obtained its supply of salmon from this stream. It is also known 
that the canneries at Afognak Bay obtained a part of their fish from bays on the 
northwest coast of Kodiak Island, notably Uganik, and that this district should be 
credited with catches as follows: 220,038 in 1889, 191,237 in 1890, and 131,250 in 
1891. In accordance with that fact, it may be safely asserted that the history 
of the fishery began before 1890. Recognition of the value and importance of the 
run was manifested by the erection of a cannery at the entrance of East Arm in 1896. 
After the first season, packs were small, although augmented by transfer of salmon 
from other localities, and the plant was not reopened after 1900. Thereafter 
Uganik salmon were packed chiefly at Uyak and Karluk. 
Red salmon from Uganik were especially valuable on account of their large size 
and excellent quality, and fishermen employed methods that would secure the 
largest catches in total disregard of any moral or legal objection to their use. Even 
before 1900 the stream was barricaded and efforts were directed toward maintaining 
a blockade that would prevent the escapement of all salmon. Evidently no con- 
cern was felt for the preservation of a valuable run of salmon. The Uganik Bay 
section of Table 19 shows comparatively large catches of red salmon in 1926 and 
1927, which might make it appear that the stream in East Arm had again become 
a notable producer; but that view would be erroneous as the catches referred to 
were in large part taken by traps near the entrance of Uganik Bay and were a part 
of the Karluk run as was shown by tagging experiments conducted in 1927. 14 
No pink salmon were reported from Uganik Bay until 1910, and no large catch 
was made until 1916. In 1918, the catch was 374,338, but in 1920 it was only 643. 
In 1920 and 1921 there was little or no demand for pink salmon as the heavy packs 
of 1918 and 1919 had glutted the market and large surpluses were on hand. After 
1922, the market for pink salmon had so far recovered from the depression of 1920 
as to warrant resumption of packing generally, which explains the larger catches 
in late years. For the same reason, coho and chum salmon were not taken in 
appreciable numbers until after 1922. 
The catches reported from Kupreanof Strait from 1915 and 1926 were made 
largely by one trap and a few gill nets set along the south shore of Raspberry Island. 
There are no salmon streams worthy of mention in that locality. Catches made 
'* Salmon-tagging Experiments in Alaska, 1927 and 1928. By Willis H. Rich and Frederick Q. Morton. Bulletin, U. S. 
Bureau of Fisheries, Vol. XLV, 1929, Document No. 1057. Washington. 
