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Appendix 
This appendix presents changes in composite risks of 2 
random variables, X and Y, under different means and 
standard deviations. 
Appendix Figure 
The composite risks of Y exceeding X, or P(Y>X), measured in percent- 
ages, in which X is a standard normal variable (X~N[0,lj) and Y is a 
random normal variable with changing mean and standard deviation 
(SD) (py, °y>- (A) Reference case: (py, cry)=(from 0 to 1, from 0.05 to 1); 
(B) large SD of Y case: (py, cy)=(from 0 to 1, from 0.5 to 10); (C) large 
difference in mean case: (py, ay)=(from 0 to 10, from 0.05 to 1); and 
(D) large difference in mean and SD of Y case: (py, oy)=(from 0 to 10, 
from 0.5 to 10). 
