164 
Fishery Bulletin 1 14(2) 
ed over the past decade. We especially thank all the 
scientists and technicians at the Canadian Center for 
DNA Barcoding at the University of Guelph (Guelph, 
Ontario, Canada) for analytical support and A. Bucklin 
(University of Connecticut, Groton, Connecticut) and N. 
Copley (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods 
Hole, Massachusetts) for the use of fish eggs from ad- 
ditional archived samples. 
Literature cited 
Ahlstrom, E. H., and H. G. Moser. 
1980. Characters useful in identification of pelagic marine 
fish eggs. CalCOFI Rep. XXI:121-131. 
Alheit, J. 
1993. Use of the daily egg production method for esti- 
mating biomass of clupeoid fishes: a review and evalua- 
tion. Bull. Mar. Sci. 53:750-767. 
Ames, E. P. 
2004. Atlantic cod stock structure in the Gulf of 
Maine. Fisheries 29:10-28. 
Carreon-Martinez, L. B., S. A. Holt, B. S. Nunez, C. K. Faulk, 
and G. J. Holt. 
2010. The use of polymerase chain reaction for the identi- 
fication of sciaenid eggs. Mar. Biol. 157:1889-1895. 
Chambers, R. C., and W. C. Leggett. 
1996. Maternal influences on variation in egg sizes in 
temperate marine fishes. Am. Zool. 36:180-196. 
Conway, D. V. P., S. H. Coombs, and C. Smith 
1997. Vertical distribution of fish eggs and larvae in the 
Irish Sea and southern North Sea. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 
54:136-147. 
Fox, C. J., M. I. Taylor, R. Pereyra, M. I. Villasana, and C. Rico. 
2005. TaqMan DNA technology confirms likely overesti- 
mation of cod ( Gadus morhua L.) egg abundance in the 
Irish Sea: implications for the assessment of the cod 
stock and mapping of spawning areas using egg-based 
methods. Mol. Ecol. 14:879-884. 
Gleason, L. U., and R. S. Burton. 
2012. High-throughput molecular identification of fish 
eggs using multiplex suspension bead arrays. Mol. Ecol. 
Resour. 12:57-66. 
Goodsir, F., M. J. Armstrong, P. R. Witthames, D. L. Maxwell, 
and C. J. Fox. 
2008. The use of species-specific TaqMan probes for iden- 
tifying early stage gadoid eggs following formaldehyde 
fixation. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 65:1573—1577. 
Hajibabaei, M., J. R. deWaard, N. V. Ivanova, S. Ratnasingham, 
R. T. Dooh, S. L. Kirk, P. M. Mackie, and P. D. N. Hebert. 
2005. Critical factors for assembling a high volume of 
DNA barcodes. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., B 360: 
1959-1967. 
Hebert, P. D. N., A. Cywinska, S. L. Ball, and J. R. deWaard. 
2003a. Biological identifications through DNA bar- 
codes. Proc. R. Soc., B 270:313—321. 
Hebert, P. D. N., S. Ratnasingham, and J. R. de Waard. 
2003b. Barcoding animal life: cytochrome c oxidase sub- 
unit 1 divergences among closely related species. Proc. 
R. Soc., B 270(suppl 1):S96-S99. 
Hiemstra, W. H. 
1962. A correlation table as an aid for identifying pelagic 
fish eggs in plankton samples. J. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer 
27:100-108. 
Hyde, J. R., E. Lynn, R. Humphreys Jr., M. Musyl, A. P. West, 
and R. Vetter. 
2005. Shipboard identification of fish eggs and larvae by 
multiplex PCR, and description of fertilized eggs of blue 
marlin, shortbill spearfish, and wahoo. Mar. Ecol. Prog. 
Ser. 286:269-277. 
Ivanova, N. V., E. L. Clare, and A. B. Borisenko. 
2012. DNA barcoding in mammals. Analytical proto- 
cols. In DNA barcodes: methods in molecular biology 
(W. J. Kress and D. L. Erickson, eds), p. 153-182. Hu- 
mana Press, Totowa, NJ. 
Kendall, A. W., Jr., and A. C. Matarese. 
1994. Status of early life history descriptions of marine 
teleosts. Fish. Bull. 92:725-736. 
Kovach, A. I., T. S. Breton, D. L. Berlinsky, L. Maceda, and I. 
Wirgin. 
2010. Fine-scale spatial and temporal genetic structure 
of Atlantic cod off the Atlantic coast of the USA. Mar. 
Ecol. Prog. Ser. 410:177-195. 
Kucera, C. J., C. K. Faulk, and G. J. Holt. 
2002. The effect of spawning salinity on eggs of spotted 
seatrout ( Cynoscion nebulosus, Cuvier) from two bays 
with historically different salinity regimes. J. Exp. Mar. 
Biol. Ecol. 272:147-158. 
Lough, R. G., L. O’Brien, and L. J. Buckley. 
2008. Differential egg mortality of Georges Bank cod and 
haddock inferred from two independent estimates of 
seasonal egg production. J. Northwest Atl. Fish. Sci. 
41:119-128. 
Marteinsdottir, G., and G. A. Begg. 
2002. Essential relationships incorporating the influence 
of age, size and condition on variables required for esti- 
mation of reproductive potential in Atlantic cod Gadus 
morhua. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 235:235-256. 
Marteinsdottir, G., and A. Steinarsson. 
1998. Maternal influence on the size and viability of Ice- 
land cod Gadus morhua eggs and larvae. J. Fish. Biol. 
52:1241-1258. 
Ouellet, P, Y. Lambert, and M. Castonguay. 
1997. Spawning of Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua) in the 
northern Gulf of St. Lawrence: a study of adult and egg 
distributions and characteristics. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. 
Sci. 54:198-210. 
Priede, I. G., and J. J. Watson. 
1993. An Evaluation of the daily egg production method 
for estimating biomass of Atlantic mackerel (Scomber 
scombrus). Bull. Mar. Sci. 53:891-911. 
Ratnasingham, S., and P. D. N. Hebert. 
2007. BOLD: The Barcode of Life Data System (web- 
site). Mol. Ecol. Notes 7:355-364. 
Richardson, D. E., J. D. Vanwye, A. M. Exum, R. K. Cowen, 
and D. L. Crawford. 
2007. High-throughput species identification: from DNA 
isolation to bioinformatics. Mol. Ecol. Notes 7:199—207. 
Richardson, D. E., J. K. Llopiz, K. D. Leaman, P. S. Vertes, F. 
E. Muller-Karger, and R. K. Cowen. 
2009. Sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus ) spawning and lar- 
val environment in a Florida Current frontal eddy. Prog. 
Oceanogr. 82:252-264. 
Richardson, D. E., J. A. Hare, W. J. Overholtz, and D. L. 
Johnson. 
2010a. Development of long-term larval indices for Atlan- 
tic herring ( Clupea harengus) on the northeast LTS conti- 
nental shelf. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 67:617-627. 
