230 
Fishery Bulletin 111(3) 
er understanding of the mechanisms that cause gear 
saturation. 
Acknowledgments 
We thank the captains and crews of the RV Palmetto , 
RV Savannah, NOAA Ship Nancy Foster, and NOAA 
Ship Pisces, the MARMAP and SEFIS staffs, and the 
numerous volunteers for making our field work pos- 
sible. We benefited greatly from discussions with D. 
Berrane, J. Buckel, L. Coggins, K. Gross, Y. Jaio, T. Kel- 
lison, Y. Li, W. Mitchell, K. Shertzer, C. Schobernd, Z. 
Schobernd, T. Smart, and E. Williams. We also thank 
P. Marraro, C. Schobernd, K. Shertzer, and 4 anony- 
mous reviewers for providing comments on earlier ver- 
sions of this manuscript. This work was supported in 
part by funds provided by the National Marine Fish- 
eries Service (award numbers NA06NMF4540093 and 
NA06NMF4350021). This article is contribution 701 of 
the South Carolina Marine Resources Center. 
Literature cited 
Addison, J. T., and M. C. Bell. 
1997. Simulation modelling of capture processes in 
trap fisheries for clawed lobsters. Mar. Freshw. Res. 
48:1035-1044. 
Austin, C. B. 
1977. Incorporating soak time into measurement of fish- 
ing effort in trap fisheries. Fish. Bull. 75:213-218. 
Akiyama, S., E. Saito, and T. Watanabe. 
2007. Relationship between soak time and number of en- 
meshed animals in experimentally lost gill nets. Fish. 
Sci. 73:881-888. 
Bacheler, N. M., L. M. Paramore, J. A. Buckel, and J. E. 
Hightower. 
2009. Abiotic and biotic factors influence the habitat use 
of an estuarine fish. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 377:263—277. 
Bagdonavicus, V., J. Kruopis, and M. Nikulin. 
2011. Nonparametric tests for censored data, 23 p. 
Wiley-ISTE, London. 
Bennett, D. B. 
1974. The effects of pot immersion time on catches of 
crabs. Cancer pagurus L. and lobsters, Homarus gam- 
marus (L.). J. Cons. int. Explor. Mer 35:332-336. 
Beverton, R. J. H., and S. J. Holt. 
1954. On the dynamics of exploited fish populations, 515 
p. Chapman & Hall, London. 
Bubley, W. J., and O. Pashuk. 
2010. Life history of the simultaneously hermaphroditic 
fish, Diplectrum formosum. J. Fish Biol. 77:676-691. 
Burnham, K. P, and D. R. Anderson. 
2002. Model selection and multimodal inference: a prac- 
tical information-theoretic approach, 2 nd ed., 488 p. 
Springer- Verlag, New York. 
Carpenter, K. E. 
2002. The living marine resources of the western central 
Atlantic, vol. 1, 600 p. FAO, Rome. 
Chiogna, M., and C. Gaetan. 
2007. Semiparametric zero-inflated Poisson models with 
application to animal abundance studies. Environmet- 
rics 18:303-314. 
Cole, R. G., N. K. Alcock, A. Tovey, and S. J. Handley. 
2004. Measuring efficiency and predicting optimal set 
durations of pots for blue cod Parapercis colias. Fish. 
Res. 67:163-170. 
Collins, M. R. 
1990. A comparison of 3 fish trap designs. Fish. Res. 
9:325-332. 
Finkelstein, S. L. 
1969. Age and growth of scup in the waters of eastern 
Long Island. N.Y. Fish Game J. 16:84-110. 
Glasgow, D. M. 
2010. Photographic evidence of temporal and spatial 
variation in hardbottom habitat and associated biota of 
the southeastern U.S. Atlantic continental shelf. M.S. 
thesis, 120 p. College of Charleston, Charleston, SC. 
Hamley, J. 
1975. Review of gill-net selectivity. J. Fish. Res. Board 
Can. 32:1944-1969. 
Hansen, M., R. Schorfhaar, and J. Selgeby. 
1998. Gill-net saturation by lake trout in Michigan 
waters of Lake Superior. N. Am. J. Fish. Manage. 
18:847-853. 
Harley, S. J., R. A. Myers, and A. Dunn. 
2001. Is catch-per-unit-effort proportional to abundance? 
Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 58:1760-1772. 
Hastie, T. J., and R. J. Tibshirani. 
1990. Generalized additive models, 352 p. Chapman & 
Hall/CRC, London. 
Hilborn, R., and C. J. Walters. 
1992. Quantitative fisheries stock assessment: choice, 
dynamics, and uncertainty, 570 p. Kluwer Academic 
Pubis., Boston, MA. 
Hoese, H. D., and R. H. Moore. 
1998. Fishes of the Gulf of Mexico: Texas, Louisiana, 
and adjacent waters, 2 nd ed., 416 p. Texas A&M Univ. 
Press, College Station, TX. 
Humann, P., and N. Deloach. 
2002. Reef fish identification: Florida, Caribbean, Baha- 
mas, 3 rd ed., 512 p. New World Pubis., Jacksonville, 
FL. 
Jury, S. H., H. Howell, D. F. O’Grady, and W. H. Watson. 
2001. Lobster trap video: in situ video surveillance of 
the behavior of Homarus americanus in and around 
traps. Mar. Freshw. Res. 52:1125-1132. 
Kennedy, W. 
1951. The relationship of fishing effort by gill nets to 
the interval between lifts. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 
8:264-274. 
Kimura, D. K., and D. A. Somerton. 
2006. Review of statistical aspects of survey sampling 
for marine fisheries. Rev. Fish. Sci. 14:245-283. 
Kurz, R. C. 
1995. Predator-prey interactions between gray trigger- 
fish (Balistes capriscus Gmelin) and a guild of sand dol- 
lars around artificial reefs in the northeastern Gulf of 
Mexico. Bull. Mar. Sci. 56:150-160. 
Li, Y., Y. Jaio, and K. Reid. 
2011. Gill-net saturation in Lake Erie: effects of soak 
time and fish accumulation on catch per unit effort of 
walleye and yellow perch. N. Am. J. Fish. Manage. 
31:280-290. 
