2 
WARD'S NATURAL SOXENTOE EELLETIR. 
W FAKED’S 
Natural Science ||ulleiin. 
PUBLISHED QUARTERLY 
AT 
WARD’S NATURAL SCIENCE ESTABLISHMENT. 
to Africa, then up the west coast and 
finally travels through Europe again be- 
fore sailing for home. We hope when all 
his collections arrive, that vve shall be able 
to furnish anything and everything from 
Europe and Africa that our clients may 
desire. 
ROCHESTER, N. Y. 
REGULAR CONTRIBUTORS : 
BAKER. A. B.— Invertebrate Zoblog-y, Oology. 
CHICHESTER, C. D.— Zoology. 
HOENADAY, WM. T.— Zoology, Taxidermy and Col- 
lecting. 
HOWELL, EDWIN E. — Geology, Mineralogy and 
Palaeontology. 
LUCAS, FREDERIC A.— Vert. Zoology, Osteology. 
PRESTON, H. L.— Mineralogy and Conchology. 
WARD, HENRY A.— Miscellaneous. 
WARD, HENRY L.-Zoology. 
WHEELER, W. M.— Miscellaneous. 
WOOD, NELSON R.— Ornithology Entm. 
EDITORIAL NOTES. 
The Bulletin makes no apologies this 
time. We stated in the last issue, Janu- 
ary, that it would appear whenever we 
could find time to bring it out. The past 
five months have been so full of activity 
that we have had no time to devote to it. 
Now that Prof. Ward is gone our work 
naturally increases; while added to this is 
the caring for specimens that he sends and 
the filling of European and African orders 
which he has already forwarded. 
We had hoped, in fact expected, that 
he would send us some little account of 
the many interesting things which he has 
seen, that we might give to our readers; 
but he has been far too busy to do this as 
et; so we can only hope to be able to 
ave this in our next Bulletin. 
Anyway, we shall have to forgive him 
as long as he continues sending us such 
interesting and valuable specimens. 
A quite extended collection of mounted 
mammals, birds, reptiles, batrachians, fishes 
and invertebrates, for Tuft’s College (near 
Boston) has kept our taxidermists hard at 
work for some time. 
Our osteologists have been equally busy 
preparing a fine series of skeletons to be 
exhibited at the Madison (Wis.), meeting 
of the National Educational Convention, 
which is to be held in that town from 
July 10th to the 18th. 
We also have to keep an eye on our lists 
and the calendar, to see that December 
with its grand display at New Orleans 
does not come upon us unawares. 
Mr. Baker still sticks to the field. He 
spent the winter and early spring in New 
Mexico, whence he has sent us many rare 
and interesting species of birds, reptiles 
and small mammals. Now he has return- 
ed to Kansas and promises us all the fauna 
of the state, both living and fossil. 
Mr. Adams has left us for a month’s 
vacation and says that he will exterminate 
all manner of “ verm int ” that inhabit his 
native state, Illinois. 
The last letters that we had from Prof. 
Ward were dated, Aden, Arabia. He goes 
from there down the coast of Africa, 
stopping at numerous points, to Mada- 
gascar, Mauritius, perhaps to India, back 
Mr. Howell is devoting a large por- 
tion of his time to the Palaeontological 
department, and with Mr. Preston, is la- 
beling and pricing the collections brought 
back from his last year’s trip to Europe. 
The work is progressing finely, but the 
extent of it is quite appalling, and a score 
or more of cases yet remain to be un- 
packed. Another item of work in this 
department is the preparation of new cata- 
logues. A new “Academy Series” has 
been arranged, which will be exhibited at 
Madison, in which the unique and rarer 
forms are represented by casts, and the 
commoner forms by original fossils. 
Relief Map of Leadville. 
Mr. Howell, assisted by Miss Gilman, is now 
hard at work preparing a model, or map in relief, 
for the United States Geological survey, of the 
celebrated mining district of Leadville, Colorado. 
The basis for the topographical work is the 
contour map of the survey by A. D. Wilson, on 
the scale of 800 feet to the inch, with contour 
lines 25 feet apart. The geology is by the well 
known geologist Mr. S. F. Emmons, who has 
made an exhaustive study of the district and is 
publishing his work as one of the monographs of 
the survey. The model will be made on the same 
scale as the atlas sheets, and will cover an area 
nearly 5 miles north and south by 6 miles east 
and west. The lowest and highest points on the 
map, are, in round numbers, 9850 feet and 18000 
feet respectively above sea level . This large range 
of over 3000 feet in height adds greatly to the 
work of making the model, but will add still 
more to the beauty of the model when completed. 
The finished map will show us first an exact 
model of the country (scale 1:9600 ) with all roads, 
streams, and mines, and, on the eastern edge, the 
City of Leadville. The position of the different 
kinds of rocks will be shown (even when covered 
by loose materials) by means of different shades 
of color. 
But this is not all, or nearly all, as numerons 
sections will be run across the map at right angles 
to each other, cutting it into rectangular blocks 
and on the sides of these blocks will be projected 
geological sections showing at a glance, far better 
than can be seen in any mine, the different rocks 
met with at different levels. 
As only a geologist can properly appreciate the 
amount of careful work done by Mr. Emmons, 
so also is it, albeit in a less degree, impossible for 
one who has never tried it, to realize the amount 
of work, and the difficulties to be met with, in 
preparing a model of this kind, to an exact scale. 
There are two or three methods by which the 
same results may be reached, but space will not 
permit a detailed description of the work; suffice 
it to say that the general method adopted in this 
case, was to build up with card-board represent- 
ing 25 feet in thickness, with the edges cut ac- 
cording to the contour lines. Theoretically this 
should work perfectly, provided the card board 
is of the proper thickness, but practically it will 
not. The sheets are sure to lie closer in some 
places than in others, and just where they will do 
so it is not possible always to tell, although as a 
general rule, small surfaces will lie more closely 
than large ones. To meet this difficulty, the main 
thickness of the model w T as built up of solid dry 
wood, which can be worked very exactly, and 
serves as a constant check in putting on the card- 
board contours. After these are all on, the model 
will be finished with clay mixed with glycerine, 
and then moulded. In this mould any number of 
casts can be made, which will be colored and 
prepared as already described. 
WILD ANIMALS IN INDIA. 
The Gazette of India contains the returns for 
1881 of wild animals and poisonous snakes killed 
in British India during the year. The total num- 
ber of wild animals' killed during the year was 
15,279: snakes, 254,968. The total number of 
persons killed was 21,427, against 21,090 in 1880. 
The mortality in Bengal and the north-western 
provinces and in Oudh was far greater than in 
other provinces. Of the total number of deaths, 
18,670 resulted from snake- bite, and 2,757 were 
caused by wild animals. The total number of 
cattle killed decreased from 58,386 to 43,669. 
This result is chiefly due to the exclusion from 
the Bengal return of goats and sheep. There 
has, however, been a marked decrease in the 
number of cattle killed by wild animals and 
snakes in the Bombay Presidency, the figures for 
the years 1880 and 1881 being 4,626 and 2,539 
respectively. The number of tigers, leopards, 
bears, and wolves destroyed was 1557, 3397, 991, 
and 4,538 respectively, as compared with 1,689, 
3,047, 1,100, and 4,243 in the preceding year; 
and the number of human beings killed by these 
animals respectively amounted to 889, 239, 75, 
and 256, against 872, 261, 108, and 347 in the 
year 1880. The total amount of rewards paid 
during the year was Rs. 102,811. Of this sum 
Rs. 90,850 was awarded for the destruction of 
wild animals, the remainder, Rs. 11,961, being 
paid for the destruction of snakes. Of the latter 
amount, Rs. 6,214 was paid in the Bombay 
Presidency. In the review of the returns for the 
year 1880 a hope was expressed that endeavours 
would be made to induce men belonging to the 
shikari class to devote themselves specially to 
the work of destruction in districts which are 
more than usually infested with wild animals, 
and local governments were authorized to make 
special arrangements for the experimental em- 
ployment of such men. On this point the Gover- 
nor-General in Council desires to remark that 
where local shikaris exist it is very desirable 
that every encouragement should be held out to 
them, and that in such cases it is preferable to 
trust to fixed, certain, and prompt payments ac- 
cording to results, as the most effective way of 
inducing the shikaris to devote themselves to the 
work. 
AGAIN THE “SCIENTIFIC THIEF." 
Readers of the Bulletin will remember that 
in the last issue we called attention to a person 
giving the name “ W. R. Taggart,” and profess- 
ing to be an agent of this establishment, who had 
been swindling scientists in several of the central 
states. We have heard of this scoundrel’s ope- 
rations many times since the former letter was 
published, and from what we learn of his achieve- 
ments, it would seem that he has been gathering 
a rich and valuable harvest of books and minerals. 
In Fayetteville, Ark., he operated under the 
name, unfortunately familiar to many Eastern 
mineralogists, P. P. Peck ! There, as formerly, 
he claimed to have connection with Ward and 
Howell. He is well acquainted with minerals, 
books, and scientific men; usually carries with 
him a fair assortment of specimens, and is gen- 
erally waiting for a remittance from parties to 
whom he has shipped minerals. On this account 
he wishes to borrow money, offering to return it, 
or its equivalent in minerals, in a few days— 
which he never does. 
Prof. Collet gives his description as follow’s: 
“Apparently 28 to 30 years old, about 5 feet 9 
inches high and 150 lbs. in weight, with light com- 
plexion, brown hair, and light gray or blue eyes; 
of good aggressive address and plausible. He 
has some smattering knowledge of fossils and 
ardent love of cabinets and relics of stone age. ” 
This does not describe the P. P. Peck that we 
knew, who was very dark and a little older. 
There must be two of them ! 
It is to be hoped that means will be taken to 
secure his arrest ; for such a swindler should be 
made an example of. 
Again we say to all, that Ward’s Natural Sci- 
ence Establishment has no Agents. 
Editors of Bulletin. 
