128 FROM THE CIMMERIAN BOSPORUS, 
t'HAP. Almost all of them were destitute of any clas- 
v_-v— ; sical information. Pallas's first and favourite 
The common cart had two wheels, and was drawn by two oxen 
abreast, like a curricle : it was light, but spacious. This is only seen 
as far as Sudak : afterwards, the hills are too steep for any wheel car- 
riage. We passed a day with Dr. Pallas at Sudak, who asked much 
about Messrs. Clarke and Cripps. The beauty of this celebrated 
valley rather disappointed us, except as far as the vineyards arc con- 
cerned, which are more extensive and finer than any we saw besides. 
Dr. Pallas said, that the wine made by the Tahtars was spoiled by the 
over irrigation of their vineyards, which increased the size of the 
grapes, but injured their flavour. The wine we tasted was all poor 
and hungry. Sudak, or, as it was explained to me, The Hill of the 
Fountain , is a small village, peopled by a few families of Greeks, 
with a very small and insecure harbour. The castle, which is ruinous, 
stands on a high insulated rock on the east of the town ; and at the 
foot is a beautiful spring, preserved in a large cistern, with a metal 
cup chained to it. 1 suppose this is the harbour mentioned by Arrian 
as possessed by Scythian pirates, between Theodosia and Lampat. 
There is a small but handsome mosque still entire in the castle. 1 
saw nothing which could be referred to a higher antiquity than the 
Genoese, uor any tiling which I could rely on as even so old as their 
erections. It is only after Sudak that the real mountaineer features 
and habits appear to begin. In the Vale of Oltiz, or Sudak, very few 
ol the cottages are flat- roofed, and all the better sort of farm-houses 
are tiled. 
“ At Kaya, the next stage, and from thence to Baydar, the build- 
ings have flat roofs, except the mosques, which are tiled ; generally 
with gable-ends, and surrounded by a wooden portico. This distinc- 
tion between the roofs of private and public buildings is mentioned by 
Aristophanes as existing in Athens : 
t»c7no tv hoots oiKrietTi 
TS f yij u/i£, oixht; iot^out, nPOS A ETON'. Oevtf. 1109-10. 
1 he houses are generally piled up one above another, half underground, 
along the sides of Kills ; they are composed of clay, and the villages 
resemble rabbit-warrens. Irrigation is practised universally, and 
with apparent skill, where the vineyards are planted. Very little 
corn is grown ; but the valleys are literally woods of fruit-trees. 
M ater is abundant ; and, near many of the best wells, seats of earth 
are made, ami bowls left for way faring men to drink. There are 
wolves 
