HERACLEOTIC MINOR PENINSULA. 
283 
tobacco-pipes that are called bourne de mer by the c ^ p - 
French, and which sell for enormous prices, ' — > 
even in our own country, after they have been 
long used, and thereby stained by the oil of 
tobacco. The process necessary to the perfec- 
tion of one of these pipes, with all its attendant 
circumstances, is really a curious subject. 
Since the interruption of commerce between 
the Crimea and Turkey, the clay requisite in 
their manufacture has been dug near Eski Shekhr, 
in .Anatolia 2 3 . The first rude form is given to Manuf y> 
the pipes upon the spot where the mineral is Xeffjtii. 
found : here they are pressed within a mould, 
and laid in the sun to harden : afterwards, they 
are baked in an oven, boiled in milk, and rubbed 
with soft leather. In this state they are sent to 
Constantinople, where there is a peculiar bazar, 
or rather a khan 3 , in which they are exposed for 
sale : they are then bought up by merchants, 
and conveyed, by caravans, to Pest, in Hungary. 
Still the form of the pipe is large and rude. 
At Pest, a manufacture begins, which is to 
prepare them for the German markets. They 
are there soaked for twenty-four hours in water, 
and then turned by a lathe. In this process, 
(2) The sale of it supports a monastery of Dervishes. It consists of 
•ilex, water, magnesia, and carbonic acid. 
(3) The place is called Ouzoun Tcharcky, in the Fildjiandji Khan. 
