17 * 
RELATIONS OF SILURIAN BASE TO GRANITIC GNEISS. 
se facts completely demonstrate what we are contending for, that the granitic 
befo an ^ assoc * a * ;ed roc ks of Sweden formed the solid materials of that country 
ti ie ° r ? tllG eaibest ve stiges of palaeozoic deposits were called into existence. Nay, 
adl^ rt * iei P 10v e, that as the Lower Silurian strata in question which are actually 
shale t0 ^ ian ^^ C rocbs > though highly dislocated, occur in the state of soft 
Omb and Unaltered im P ure limestone and sandstone, the crystalline ridge of the 
and erS . mUSt have been u pheaved as a hard and solidified mass (like the granite 
period ^ °* ^ a ^ bness through the oolites of Brora 1 ), long after the 
. w en it had undergone the fusion and metamorphism which gave to these 
a ^ent slaty rocks their crystalline aspect. 
been f^ pbsenomena ’ P rovin g that the lowest Silurian sandstone of these tracts has 
other lmCd ° Ut anC ^ 6nt cr y sta lline rocks, are indeed to be found in many 
on th ° f Sweden ’ and we Particularly noted them still further to the south, 
as well • 6aStern bankS and Sl ° pes 0f the W ettern Lake near Grenna, where, 
from 't ? °^^i s i n g s > the strata are composed of a sandstone that, 
a co f S reC . C0l0U1 ’ 5 bad been ma PP e d as Keuper by Hisinger, but which is simply 
derive ° f ^ baS6 ° f the l0W6St SiIurian stratum, its red colour being 
beenT- 10m adjaC6nt red fels P a thic and quartzose rocks (o) out of which it has 
oimed and on which it rests, as here represented. 
j^f^jneissose rocks. 
■ j j / 'rfj: ~'n / 7 ... 
// / ,o ' Hj / /j 
N . of Grenna. 
Lower Silurian Sandstone. 
Lake of W ettem. 
is trul 1 ^ Sands * on e, vvLrch over large tracts in Vestrogothia and Ostrogothia 
can onl 16 ^ 0WeS *" mem ber of the Silurian system, be universally so in Sweden, 
, ~ T be deter mined by more extended researches; but from what we observed 
inn 0 f ^ neiSS0SG and S ra nitic hills to the south of the lake of Roxen and near the 
with° 6r ^ We Sb0ldd Say not Considerable masses of Orthoceratite limestone 
wh' , aSS0C * ated sbales there occupy the depressions and slopes, in cutting through 
jj 1C ’ tbe nu merous fossils known to collectors under the name of the locality of 
bene ^ VVCre ° btainecb p he hlack alum shales full of fossils, rising out from 
eaeath their calcareous cover with its Trinuclei and Agnosti, are exposed in 
of the MriveL' wT’-’ V °!' iL 2nd SeHeS ’ P ' 306 ' Pr0feSS0r Philli P s has since »hown, that the chief mass 
Lower Su, ■ 18 ° f ag6 anter!or to the Caradoc sandstone ; but that section affords no unequivocal 
nan or Protozoic base like the Swedish cases. 
