XX 
CONTENTS. 
Page 
Rock Salt and Gypsum of Illetzkaya-Zastchita (Orenburg).— Freezing Cavern at Illetzkaya- 
Zastchita— Detached Saliferous Rocks in the Steppes of Astrakhan.— Mount Bogdo and doubts 
concerning its age. — Origin of the Salt of the Steppe of Astrakhan. Formation of Ice at 
Illetzkaya-Zastchita explained ^ 
CHAPTER X. 
PERMIAN ORGANIC REMAINS AND CONCLUSIONS. 
Equivalents of the Permian System in Germany and other Parts of Europe.— Analytical Review of 
its Animal Contents.— Permian Flora.— Close of Paleozoic life.— Table of the Permian Fauna. 199 
SECONDARY ROCKS. 
CHAPTER XI. 
JURASSIC OR OOLITIC SYSTEM. 
Jurassic System of Russia.— Range and uniformity of Composition of the lower Division, from the 
Northern Sea to the Lower Volga. — Basins of the Middle Volga, the Oka, and the Moskwa. 
Iron Sands and Grits with Plants in Russia and Poland compared with their equivalents m En- 
gland-Large Basin of the Lower Volga, Simbirsk, Saratof, &c— Jurassic Rocks of Orenburg, 
and their peculiar mineral aspect.-Upper Division of the Group on the river Donetz in Southern 
Russia, and at Cracow in Poland.-The whole of the Jurassic Rocks of Russia on the parallel 
of the Kelloway Rock, Oxford Clay, Calcareous Grit and Coral Rag of England, or “ Terrain 
Oxfordien” of France— Suppression of the Trias, Lias, and Lower Oolite in Russia— Occur- 
rence of the same Oxford Formation in Asia and Africa. Conclusion 22 . 
CHAPTER XII. 
CRETACEOUS SYSTEM. 
I Prefatory Sketch of the Variations in Mineral Character of the Cretaceous System of Northern 
Europe in its range from West to East. — Succession in England, France, Germany, Poland and 
the Carpathians. II- Cretaceous Rocks of Russia in the drainage of the Donetz and the Don. 
Thinning out of the white Chalk in the Governments of Kharlcof, Kursk, &c— Eastern mass of 
Chalk on the River Ural— Cretaceous Rocks of the Lower Volga extending from Simbirsk 
to the Southern Steppes— Peculiar mineral development of the Cretaceous system of Russia 
and its apparent Passage into the Tertiary Rocks— Country between the Volga and the Don- 
Conclusions. . 
CHAPTER XIII. 
TERTIARY DEPOSITS. 
General Remarks on the Tertiary deposits of Northern Germany and their extension into Russia. 
—Division of the Tertiary rocks of Russia into three great zones :— Eocene, Miocene, 
